Anti‐friction, anti‐wear and load‐carrying characteristics of environment friendly additive formulation

Abstract

The extreme pressure (EP), anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics of some of the commercial additive formulation and individual components on which these formulations are based have been studied and compared to characteristics of the components synthesised from naturally available non‐traditional vegetable oils and cashew nut shell liquid that have been refined and partially hydrogenated to improve stability. It has been shown that individual components from sulphurised and phosphosulphurised vegetable oils, esters and hydrogenated cardanol (derived from cashews) have better anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics than the sulphurised olefins and alkylaryl phosphorothioates normally used as EP and anti‐wear additives, while the load‐carrying characteristics of a number of the combination of these derivatives are comparable. It has been shown that all these formulations are rapidly biodegradable and non‐toxic in nature as compared to traditional EP, anti‐wear and friction‐reducing additives, which fill in the category of slightly toxic to harmful. It is possible to formulate energy‐efficient EP gear oils that are fully biodegradable and non‐toxic by a combination of vegetable oil‐based additives of sulphurised vegetable oils, phosphosulphurised methyl recinoleate and phosphosulphurised hydrogenated cardanol amine borate, which meet all the performance characteristics of US steel 224 eg 52100, M‐50 AISI 1010 requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Tribological investigations of trimethylolpropane trioleate bio-based lubricants

“…It can be noted that the ratio of sulfur contained in organic molecules for sample A, sample D and Sample E indicates lower toxicity as they have less opportunity to transform into the sulfur oxides (Cao et al, 2000). Anand et al (2007) depicts the possibility to formulate biodegradable and nontoxic metalworking fluid by a combination of ester-based vegetable oils with sulfurized additives. Considering previous research and the chemical structure of base oil with additive, the effect of sulfur on biodegradability will be minimal for sample A followed by sample E and sample D (Cao et al, 2000;Anand et al, 2007).…”

“…An effect of surface integrity, lubrication regimes, synergy and compatibility of additives and its impacts on friction and wear behavior of tribosystems were evaluated using a four-ball and pin-on-disc tribotesters (Bachchhav et al, 2011;Bachchhav et al, 2014;Singh, 2015;Shafi and Charoo, 2020;Bachchhav and Bagchi, 2021). Ester based boundary lubricants are found biodegradable and nontoxic and are highly environment friendly (Anand et al, 2007).…”

Lubricating Greases Based on Fatty By-Products and Jojoba Constituents

“…Biogreases (El-Adly et al 2010) and nanogrease have better lubricating properties such as, wear protection, corrosion resistance, friction reduction, heat removal, etc. In this respect, anti-friction, antiwear and load-carrying environment friendly additives are prepared from non-traditional vegetable oils and alkyl phenols of agricultural, forest and wasteland origin (Anand, et al, 2007).…”

Novel Synthesis of Symmetrical Dialkyl/Diarylalkyltrithiocarbonates in Non-Aqueous Medium at Room Temperature Using Cs2, Cs2co3 and Alkyl/Aryl-Alkyl Halides

“…Dialkyl/Diaryl-alkyltrithiocarbonates are some very significant class of compounds which are used as agro-chemicals [1][2][3] and additives for lubricants [4][5][6] . The derivatives of dibenzyltrithiocarbonates (DBTTC) have been potentially used in reversible and addition fragmentation in chain transfer [7][8][9][10][11] reactions.…”