LncRNAs as the Regulators of Brain Function and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a serious threat to the health and safety of the elderly population. It has become an emerging public health problem and a major economic and social burden. However, there is currently no effective treatment for AD. Although the mechanism of AD pathogenesis has been investigated substantially, the full range of molecular factors that contribute to its development remain largely unclear. In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides, play important roles in multiple biological processes involved in AD pathogenesis. With the further exploration of genomics, the role of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of AD has been phenotypically or mechanistically studied. Herein, we systematically review the current knowledge about lncRNAs implicated in AD and elaborate on their main regulatory pathways, which may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and drugs for AD.

APOEε4 Carriers Exhibit Objective Cognitive Deficits: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Single Center Trial

“…APOE polymorphic alleles represent the principal genetic determinants of Alzheimer’s disease [ 11 ], with the presence of APOEε4 being associated with heightened susceptibility to the onset of the condition. In contrast to the ε3/ε3 genotype, each instance of the ε4 allele amplifies the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by approximately threefold, while the presence of two copies escalates the risk to 8–14 times that of individuals with the ε3/ε3 genotype.…”

“…Around 13% of the global population aged 65 and above is afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the prevalence escalating to an alarming 45% among individuals aged 85 and older. On a worldwide scale, it is prognosticated that the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease will escalate to encompass 80 million individuals by the year 2050, which poses a great burden on the global society and family economy [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

The roles of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease immune responses

“…So far, research indicates that lncRNAs show significant promise as future Alzheimer's disease therapeutic possibilities. To find and validate the involvement of lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease therapy, further research is needed, such as research on Antisense oligonucleotides, which are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that are designed to bind to complementary target Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) belongs to a category of molecular therapeutics that exert their regulatory effects at the genetic level [ 88 ]. These ASOs are designed to attach to the DNA or mRNA of target genes selectively, therefore impeding the expression of these genes [ 89 ].…”

Long Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Some studies focus on the role of lncRNAs as potential AD biomarkers [ 44 ], while others focus on lncRNAs showing competing endogenous RNA network (ceRNA) mechanisms [ 45 ]. More recently, a group of lncRNAs has been suggested as potential therapeutic targets for AD [ 46 ].…”