lncRNA and gene looping

Shibayama, Youtaro; Fanucchi, Stephanie; Magagula, Loretta; Mhlanga, Musa M.

doi:10.4161/trns.28658

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Very recently, several studies have revealed that enhancers give rise to lncRNAs that are suggested to be crucial for mediating gene regulation, both positively and negatively, by mediating chromosomal looping [59–63]. Additionally, super enhancers have been reported which consist of clusters of enhancers, mainly associated with genes involved in maintenance of cell identity [64, 65].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancers are critical regulatory elements required for the tight developmental and tissue specific regulation of gene expression and hence it is not surprising that the number of enhancers in mammalian genome far exceeds the number of protein coding genes [ 57 , 58 ]. Very recently, several studies have revealed that enhancers give rise to lncRNAs that are suggested to be crucial for mediating gene regulation, both positively and negatively, by mediating chromosomal looping [ 59 – 63 ]. Additionally, super enhancers have been reported which consist of clusters of enhancers, mainly associated with genes involved in maintenance of cell identity [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long noncoding RNAs in development and cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets

et al. 2015

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Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as key players in various fundamental biological processes. We highlight the varied molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs modulate gene expression in diverse cellular contexts and their role in early mammalian development in this review. Furthermore, it is being increasingly recognized that altered expression of lncRNAs is specifically associated with tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. We discuss various lncRNAs implicated in different cancer types with a focus on their clinical applications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the pathology of diverse cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long noncoding RNAs in development and cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets

et al. 2015

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“…lncRNAs act as crucial regulators of almost all aspects of physiological and pathological processes ( 25 – 28 ). Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs contribute to the carcinogenesis and progression of various cancers ( 6 – 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan‑cancer analysis reveals the role of long non‑coding RNA LINC01614 as a highly cancer‑dependent oncogene and biomarker

et al. 2020

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Long intergenic non-coding RNA 1614 (LINC01614) is highly expressed in several malignant tumor types, suggesting that it may act as an oncogene. However, the specific roles of LINC01614 in malignant tumors have remained elusive. To examine the expression pattern of LINC01614 in various malignancies, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis was performed using public databases, including 53 normal tissue types and 32 cancer datasets with samples from 9,091 patients. The results were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis of tissue specimens from patients. LINC01614 expression was upregulated in most malignant tumors, thus demonstrating diagnostic potential. Furthermore, upregulation of LINC01614 was associated with poor overall survival in the majority of cases. However, the association with clinical outcome was highly cancer-dependent; LINC01614 appeared to be an oncogene and diagnostic/prognostic biomarker in cancers of the digestive, respiratory, nervous and endocrine systems, as well as breast and head and neck cancer, but not in the cancers of the reproductive system or some of the urinary system. High LINC01614 expression was also markedly associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated signaling pathways. Overall, the present results suggest that LINC01614 is an EMT-associated oncogene that influences the metastasis and prognosis of several cancers, thus highlighting its potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker.

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“…This interaction induces the formation of genomic looping structures such that enhancers interact with promoters, eRNA, mediator, and cohesin to form 3D tertiary DNA structures and efficient RNA transcription. 124 Although the role of eRNAs in cancer generally and medulloblastoma specifically is not yet well defined, eRNA levels correlate with enhancer activity and eRNA can be used as a genome-wide marker of active enhancer elements. 125 In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant regulation of eRNAs transcribed from super-enhancers is often linked to cancer development, 126–128 suggesting that eRNAs may be important cancer targets.…”

Section: Other Regulatory Noncoding Rnas In Medulloblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of regulatory noncoding RNAs in medulloblastoma

Joshi

Katsushima

Zhou

et al. 2019

Neuro-Oncology Advances

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Medulloblastoma, a central nervous system tumor that predominantly affects children, always requires aggressive therapy. Nevertheless, it frequently recurs as resistant disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. While recent efforts to subclassify medulloblastoma based on molecular features have advanced our basic understanding of medulloblastoma pathogenesis, optimal targets to increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects remain largely undefined. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with known regulatory roles, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are now known to participate in medulloblastoma biology, although their functional significance remains obscure in many cases. Here we review the literature on regulatory ncRNAs in medulloblastoma. In providing a comprehensive overview of ncRNA studies, we highlight how different lncRNAs and miRNAs have oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles in medulloblastoma. These ncRNAs possess subgroup specificity that can be exploited to personalize therapy by acting as theranostic targets. Several of the already identified ncRNAs appear specific to medulloblastoma stem cells, the most difficult-to-treat component of the tumor that drives metastasis and acquired resistance, thereby providing opportunities for therapy in relapsing, disseminating, and therapy-resistant disease. Delivering ncRNAs to tumors remains challenging, but this limitation is gradually being overcome through the use of advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and rational biomaterial design.

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lncRNA and gene looping

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Long noncoding RNAs in development and cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Long noncoding RNAs in development and cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Pan‑cancer analysis reveals the role of long non‑coding RNA LINC01614 as a highly cancer‑dependent oncogene and biomarker

The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of regulatory noncoding RNAs in medulloblastoma

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