LNAPL transmissivity as a remediation metric in complex sites under water table fluctuations

Gatsios, Evangelos; García-Rincón, J.; Rayner, J. C. W.; McLaughlan, Robert; Davis, Gordon B.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.026

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The difficulty in obtaining reliable values of S nw may hamper the accurate prediction of LNAPL depletion using our approach; however, reliable estimates of this parameter may be derived from the floating phase thickness in monitoring wells, as demonstrated by Jeong and Chaberneau [8] and Lenhard et al [12]. Alternatively, Gatsios et al [16] and Teramoto et al [49] demonstrated that S nw may be estimated by the laser-induced fluorescence method via empirical models.…”

Section: Depletion With a Change In The Lnapl Saturationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…When the LNAPL remains mostly as an immiscible fluid in the capillary fringe, the volatilization in the air/LNAPL interface represents the prevailing mechanism of LNAPL depletion with respect to benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX) [1][2][3][4][5]; however, as the water level fluctuates in response to the cyclical alternation of the dry and rainy seasons, there is a continuous redistribution of the LNAPL because it migrates to lower aquifers as water levels decrease [6][7][8][9][10]. When the water level rises, LNAPL is retained by capillary force in the saturated zone, a phenomenon known as entrapment [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], which has been demonstrated in numerous previous studies (e.g., [11][12][13][14][15][16]). When entrapment occurs, LNAPL is entrapped by the capillarity in the saturated zone; in contrast, when the water level drops, LNAPL is released, and previously isolated ganglia clump together to gain mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Screening Model to Predict Entrapped LNAPL Depletion

Teramoto

Chang

2020

Water

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Accidental leakage of hydrocarbons is a common subsurface contamination scenario. Once released, the hydrocarbons migrate until they reach the vicinity of the uppermost portion of the saturated zone, where it accumulates. Whenever the amplitude of the water table fluctuation is high, the light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) may be completely entrapped in the saturated zone. The entrapped LNAPL, comprised of multicomponent products (e.g., gasoline, jet fuel, diesel), is responsible for the release of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) into the water, thus generating the dissolved phase plumes of these compounds. In order to estimate the time required for source-zone depletion, we developed an algorithm that calculates the mass loss of BTEX compounds in LNAPL over time. The simulations performed with our algorithm provided results akin to those observed in the field and demonstrated that the depletion rate will be more pronounced in regions with high LNAPL saturation. Further, the LNAPL depletion rate is mostly controlled by flow rate and is less sensible to the biodegradation rate in the aqueous phase.

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Section: Depletion With a Change In The Lnapl Saturationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Screening Model to Predict Entrapped LNAPL Depletion

Teramoto

Chang

2020

Water

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“…To improve the estimation of transmissivity and to determine the influence of water table fluctuations, a series of field trials were conducted in a sandy aquifer in Western Australia contaminated with gasoline (Gatsios et al 2018). These field trials included baildown testing and skimming to identify the relationships between LNAPL thickness in the well (b), the transmissivity (T) and seasonal water table fluctuations.…”

Section: Characterizing Recoverable Lnapl Mass and Its Transmissivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, hydraulic-based analytical models involving calculation of the LNAPL transmissivity (mainly via LNAPL baildown or pump tests from monitoring wells or extraction wells, respectively) are increasingly being used to establish endpoints for recoverability (Charbeneau 2007;Kirkman et al 2013;Jeong and Charbeneau 2014;Lenhard et al 2017Lenhard et al , 2018Gatsios et al 2018). Such estimates of LNAPL recoverability rely on simplifying assumptions regarding LNAPL plume geometry, constituent partitioning and associated changes in LNAPL composition, and LNAPL recovery rate/saturation relations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LNAPL Recovery Endpoints: Lessons Learnt Through Modeling, Experiments, and Field Trials

Lari¹,

Rayner²,

Davis³

et al. 2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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This column reviews the general features of PHT3D Version 2, a reactive multicomponent transport model that couples the geochemical modeling software PHREEQC-2 (Parkhurst and Appelo 1999) with three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport simulators MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS (Zheng and Wang 1999). The original version of PHT3D was developed by Henning Prommer and Version 2 by Henning Prommer and Vincent Post (Prommer and Post 2010). More detailed information about PHT3D is available at the website http://www.pht3d.org. The review was conducted separately by two reviewers. This column is presented in two parts.

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“…Groundwater table fluctuations can change the subsurface distribution of the different LNAPL phases [7][8][9]. As the water table rises or falls, free LNAPL may become entrapped or entrapped LNAPL may become free LNAPL, respectfully [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of LNAPL Behavior in Water Table Inter-Fluctuate Zone under Groundwater Drawdown Condition

Azimi

Vaezihir

Lenhard

et al. 2020

Water

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We investigate the movement of LNAPL (light non-aqueous phase liquid) into and out of monitoring wells in an immediate-scale experimental cell. Aquifer material grain size and LNAPL viscosity are two factors that are varied in three experiments involving lowering and rising water levels. There are six monitoring wells at varying distances from a LNAPL injection point and a water pumping well. We established steady water flow through the aquifer materials prior to LNAPL injection. Water pumping lowered the water levels in the aquifer materials. Terminating water pumping raised the water levels in the aquifer materials. Our focus was to record the LNAPL thickness in the monitoring wells under transient conditions. Throughout the experiments, we measured the elevations of the air-LNAPL and LNAPL-water interfaces in the monitoring wells to obtain the LNAPL thicknesses in the wells. We analyze the results and give plausible explanations. The data presented can be employed to test multiphase flow numerical models.

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LNAPL transmissivity as a remediation metric in complex sites under water table fluctuations

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

A Screening Model to Predict Entrapped LNAPL Depletion

A Screening Model to Predict Entrapped LNAPL Depletion

LNAPL Recovery Endpoints: Lessons Learnt Through Modeling, Experiments, and Field Trials

Evaluation of LNAPL Behavior in Water Table Inter-Fluctuate Zone under Groundwater Drawdown Condition

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