Llama Neonatology

Adams, R.; Garry, Franklyn B.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30556-9

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Immediate care of the newborn camelid is important for this species as for other mammalian species to improve the chances of a good and uncomplicated postnatal development. To prevent umbilical infection, an adequate disinfectant should be applied, and the calf should be held in a cleaned environment and protected against unfavourable weather conditions 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia in a camel calf (Camelus dromedarius) by maternal blood transfusion

Dabiri

Agerholm²,

Garoussi

2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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A well-functioning humoral immune response is critical for the immune function of neonatal camel calves. A two-week-old dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) calf was presented for examination. Leucocytosis and neutrophilia with a mild left shift and toxic changes were present. The plasma total protein (PTP) level was 4.32 g/dl, being consistent with failure of transfer of colostral immunoglobulins. Since commercial camel plasma was not available, whole blood (1 litre) was transferred intravenously from the dam to the calf. This was repeated three days later. The PTP had increased to 6.1 g/dl on the day after the second infusion. Blood transfusion from the dam to a calf with insufficient uptake of immunoglobulins increases the calf’s chance of survival. For veterinarians working in low-income or rural areas, blood transfusion should be considered an easy and cheap option in cases of insufficient uptake of immunoglobulins to save the life of the calf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia in a camel calf (Camelus dromedarius) by maternal blood transfusion

Dabiri

Agerholm²,

Garoussi

2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…The absence of RV antibodies in the two sick animals could be related to a failure of passive transfer of maternal antibodies from the dam to the new‐born. Previous studies in camelids have shown that intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins occurs during the first 24 h after birth, being maximal between 8 and 12 h post‐partum (Murphy, 1989; Adams and Garry, 1994), and that failure of passive transfer is a major factor leading to mortality in neonatal camelids (Drew and Fowler, 1995). The present data suggests an absence of adequate levels of passive protection that may be associated with the high mortality observed after the diarrhoea outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Isolation of Rotavirus Associated with Neonatal Diarrhoea in Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in the Argentinean Patagonia Region

Parreño

Costantini

Cheetham

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Group A rotavirus (RV) and coronavirus (CV) are common viral pathogens associated with neonatal diarrhoea in numerous animal species. The purpose of this work was to investigate the presence of these viral agents in two farm populations of captured guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in the Argentinean Patagonia region, that developed severe diarrhoea outbreaks. Stool and serum samples were analysed for RV and bovine CV antigen and antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rotavirus was detected in faeces from two new-born guanacos with acute diarrhoea, one in each farm. After electrophoretic analysis, each isolated strain, showed a distinctive long dsRNA electropherotype characteristic of group A rotaviruses (4:2:3:2). In addition, 95% (38 of 40) of the sampled animals were positive for RV antibodies, suggesting a high prevalence of RV infection in the populations tested. No evidence of CV circulation by antigen or antibody analysis was observed. To our knowledge, this is the ®rst report of the detection and isolation of RV associated with neonatal diarrhoea in Lama guanicoe.

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“…Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant class of colostral immunoglobulins involved in the transfer of passive immunity to newborn crias [ 4 ]. Inadequate transfer of IgG (<1000 mg/dL) to neonatal crias is know as failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and is associated with increased incidences of infections including septicemia, diarrhea, pneumonia, arthritis, omphalitis and meningitis [ 5 – 7 ]. The reported prevalence of FTPI in neonatal camelids in the United States is 21% [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of laboratory and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopic approaches for rapid quantification of alpaca serum immunoglobulin G

et al. 2017

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The objective of this study was to develop and compare the performance of laboratory grade and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopic approaches in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for the rapid quantification of alpaca serum IgG concentration, and the identification of low IgG (<1000 mg/dL), which is consistent with the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in neonates. Serum samples (n = 175) collected from privately owned, healthy alpacas were tested by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, and laboratory grade and portable ATR-IR spectrometers. Various pre-processing strategies were applied to the ATR-IR spectra that were linked to corresponding RID-IgG concentrations, and then randomly split into two sets: calibration (training) and test sets. PLSR was applied to the calibration set and calibration models were developed, and the test set was used to assess the accuracy of the analytical method. For the test set, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the IgG measured by RID and predicted by both laboratory grade and portable ATR-IR spectrometers was 0.91. The average differences between reference serum IgG concentrations and the two IR-based methods were 120.5 mg/dL and 71 mg/dL for the laboratory and portable ATR-IR-based assays, respectively. Adopting an IgG concentration <1000 mg/dL as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying serum samples below this cut point by laboratory ATR-IR assay were 86, 100 and 98%, respectively (within the entire data set). Corresponding values for the portable ATR-IR assay were 95, 99 and 99%, respectively. These results suggest that the two different ATR-IR assays performed similarly for rapid qualitative evaluation of alpaca serum IgG and for diagnosis of IgG <1000 mg/dL, the portable ATR-IR spectrometer performed slightly better, and provides more flexibility for potential application in the field.

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Llama Neonatology

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Successful treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia in a camel calf (Camelus dromedarius) by maternal blood transfusion

Successful treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia in a camel calf (Camelus dromedarius) by maternal blood transfusion

First Isolation of Rotavirus Associated with Neonatal Diarrhoea in Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in the Argentinean Patagonia Region

Application of laboratory and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopic approaches for rapid quantification of alpaca serum immunoglobulin G

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