Living wall

Abstract

The Living Wall project explores the construction and application of interactive wallpaper.Using conductive, resistive, and magnetic paints we produced wallpaper that enables us to create dynamic, reconfigurable, programmable spaces. The wallpaper consists of circuitry that is painted onto a sheet of paper and a set of electronic modules that are attached to it with magnets. The wallpaper can be used for a multitude of functional and fanciful applications involving lighting, environmental sensing, appliance control, and ambient information display.

Finding Common Ground

“…Room-size deployments of capacitive systems are often used for indoor localization, but have also been used for interactive art installations [18,151] and gait recognition [115,116]. To ease with the deployment of large form factors, electrodes can be printed on flexible rolls [57].…”

“…As an alternative to inkjet printing, vinyl cutters can create customized adhesive electrodes [175] or cut a substrate for composite electrode materials, e.g., conductive tattoos [98]. To build larger sensing systems, conductive paint can be used to apply electrodes on wall surfaces [18,174]. To bridge the resulting gap between electrodes and electronics, CircuitStickers use pre-fabricated adhesive electronic components [91].…”

“…Hardware for the shunt, transmit, and receive modes is similar and usually consists of an oscillator connected to the transmit electrode to generate an electric field, and an amplifier and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected to the receive electrode. In loading mode, [42,64,132,162] →Ink [59,57,58] →Paint [18] →Metalization [208] Gold -non-corrosive, skin-friendly →Gold leaf [98] →Gold coating [11] Aluminum -flexible, high availability →Foil [70,147,196,202] →Mylar [190] Silver -non-corrosive, flexible →Ink [76,87,105,108,203]+ →Thread/Yarn [185] →Plate [67] Carbon -enabling electrical conductivity →Ink [203] →Carbon-filled PDMS (cPDMS) [217] →Filament [20,123,177] ITO -transparent electrodes [64,119,199] Anisotropic materials -directing e-fields →Anisotropic 'Zebra' tape [91] →Anisotropic 'Zebra' rubber [24] Other materials →Water [41,173] & Plants [153] →Ionized gas [72] →Metal objects [43,68,173,207,226]+ →Electro-optic crystal [...…”

Interioractive

“…For example: conductive fabrics, conductive paints and flexible sensors that allow a range of manipulative and tactile sensing (from light touch to pressure) onto other normal materials. Previous research has looked into how OUI materials in Interactive Architecture can be used to create prototypes for both skin-changing OUIs such as Morphing Lumina Architectural Skins [20], Morphogenic Adaptive Building Skins [2], and OUI Interiors such as the Liv-ingSurface [37], LivingWall [4] and the playful home interior Squeeze [25].…”

Stitchtures

“…Examples included the Aperture facade installation with interactive and narrative displaying modes consisting of an iris diaphragm matrix, whose variable diameter is the main interaction with the piece [14]. Other examples included the Living Wall project [5], which aims to create electronically enhanced wallpaper with touch sensors, LED's, and Bluetooth technology, allowing users to touch decorative elements of the wall to turn on lamps, adjust heating, or activate a stereo. Lastly, the interactive wall Mes Etoiles was explored as interactivity is triggered by proximity of people to the art piece.…”