Living under surveillance: Gender, psychological distress, and stop-question-and-frisk policing in New York City

Sewell, Abigail A.; Jefferson, Kevin; Lee, Hedwig

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.024

Cited by 173 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Police frisks in highly surveilled neighborhoods are not only negative for the individuals stopped by the police but results also suggest their deleterious health effects on individuals who have not directly encountered police [7]. Research is also indicating how gender matters for the health effects of negative police interactions [8,9]. Notably, since an investigation demonstrated the effects of aggressive policing and surveillance on the mental health of black men and not black women, further research is needed to discern the patterns of responses to the threat of police violence among black women [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is also indicating how gender matters for the health effects of negative police interactions [8,9]. Notably, since an investigation demonstrated the effects of aggressive policing and surveillance on the mental health of black men and not black women, further research is needed to discern the patterns of responses to the threat of police violence among black women [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

et al. 2017

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The widely publicized violent encounters between police and African American youth have unknown consequences for the emotional and mental health of pregnant African American women. Since studies document the hypervigilance black mothers exert to protect children from violence and racism and findings also reveal the association between racial and gendered stress (which includes parenting stressors) and depressive symptoms during pregnancy, an examination of the effects of stress from anticipated negative experiences between black youth and police on maternal mental health is warranted. Between July and August 2014, 100 mostly low income pregnant African American women who lived in metropolitan Atlanta and were in their first and second trimesters completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, selected items from the Jackson, Hogue, Phillips contextualized stress measure, and a demographic form. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in response to questions that asked: (1) is the anticipation of negative encounters between black youth and police associated with antenatal depressive symptoms and (2) how does the presence of prior children, male or female, contribute to the association? For question 1, the results showed that anticipated negative African American youth-police experiences were significantly associated with antenatal depressive symptoms χ 2 (2, N = 87) = 12.62, p = .002. For question 2, the presence of a preschool-aged male child in the home was significantly associated with antenatal depression (p = .009, odds ratio = 13.23). The observed associations between antenatal depressive symptoms and anticipated negative policeyouth encounters have implications for clinical-and community-based interventions responding to the unique psychosocial risks for pregnant African American women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

et al. 2017

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“…The consequences of mass incarceration, including its highly disparate impact on communities of color (Lee et al ; Alexander ; Clear ; Pettit and Western ) and its adverse effects on affected families and communities (Wakefield, Lee, and Wildeman ; Lee et al ; Sykes and Pettit ; Wakefield and Wildeman ; Wildeman and Western ; Clear ; Comfort ; Western ), are of great sociological significance. Penal expansion affects not only the incarcerated but also those who are stopped, frisked, arrested, fined, and surveilled (Harris ; Greenberg, Meredith and Morse ; Sewell, Jefferson, and Lee ; Stuart, Amenta, and Osborne ; Napatoff ; Brayne ; Kohler‐Hausmann ; Beckett and Harris ; Rios ; Harris, Evans, and Beckett ). Studies also indicate that mass incarceration has had far‐reaching demographic, political, and sociological effects that tend to enhance—and mask—racial and socioeconomic inequalities (Wakefield, Lee, and Wildeman ; Lee et al ; Travis, Western, and Redburn ; Pettit ; Western ; Harris, Evans, and Beckett ; Pettit and Western ; Western and Beckett ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US Criminal Justice Policy and Practice in the Twenty‐First Century: Toward the End of Mass Incarceration?

Beckett¹,

Beach²,

Knaphus³

et al. 2018

Law & Policy

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Although the wisdom of mass incarceration is now widely questioned, incarceration rates have fallen far less than what would be predicted on the basis of crime trends. Informed by institutional studies of path dependence, sociolegal scholarship on legal discretion, and research suggesting that “late mass incarceration” is characterized by a moderated response to nonviolent crime but even stronger penalties for violent offenses, this article analyzes recent sentencing‐related reforms and case processing outcomes. Although the legislative findings reveal widespread willingness to moderate penalties for nonviolent crimes, the results also reveal a notably heightened system response to both violent and nonviolent crimes at the level of case processing. These findings help explain why the decline in incarceration rates has been notably smaller than the drop in crime rates and are consistent with the literature on path dependence, which emphasizes that massive institutional developments enhance the capacity and motivation of institutional actors to preserve jobs, resources, and authorities. The findings also underscore the importance of analyzing on‐the‐ground case processing outcomes as well as formal law when assessing the state and fate of complex institutional developments such as mass incarceration.

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“…Less has been said about the partnership that exists between medicalization tendencies that steer racist legal policy and consequently exacerbate disadvantage among marginalized criminal justice involved populations of color, however (notable exceptions include: (May, 1997;Sewell, Jefferson, & Lee, 2016;Thompson, Newell, & Carlson, 2016). In a historical moment increasingly marked by the racialized medicalization of substance abuse, it is important to examine the emergence of these manifestations and how the implications for substance abuse among those who are criminal justice supervised and politically disenfranchised are, and have always been immense.…”

Section: Medicalization Of Drug Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

An historical review of racial bias in prison-based substance abuse treatment design

Kerrison

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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This study leverages critical race and legal epidemiological frameworks to illustrate the race-based historical evolution of U.S. rehabilitation paradigms directed at imprisoned heroin and opioid users. What began as a racist early-20th-century federal antinarcotic trafficking effort has since assumed a state-based treatment agenda whose programmatic operations are largely based in correctional settings disproportionately reserved for poor substance abusers of color. Even in contemporary carceral facilities, where incarcerated populations are teeming with White addicts, in the aggregate, White drug abusers have been protected from the depraved, incorrigible, and inherently pathological drug-using caricature assigned to their non-White counterparts. This historical examination demonstrates how links between broader drug policy and prison-based drug treatment support a legally codified White supremacist narrative that erodes health and wellbeing for program participants of color, and the communities to which they inevitably return.

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Living under surveillance: Gender, psychological distress, and stop-question-and-frisk policing in New York City

Cited by 173 publications

References 29 publications

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

US Criminal Justice Policy and Practice in the Twenty‐First Century: Toward the End of Mass Incarceration?

An historical review of racial bias in prison-based substance abuse treatment design

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