Recombinant nanoworms
are promising candidates for materials and
biomedical applications ranging from the templated synthesis of nanomaterials
to multivalent display of bioactive peptides and targeted delivery
of theranostic agents. However, molecular design principles to synthesize
these assemblies (which are thermodynamically favorable only in a
narrow region of the phase diagram) remain unclear. To advance the
identification of design principles for the programmable assembly
of proteins into well-defined nanoworms and to broaden their stability
regimes, we were inspired by the ability of topologically engineered
synthetic macromolecules to acess rare mesophases. To test this design
principle in biomacromolecular assemblies, we used post-translational
modifications (PTMs) to generate lipidated proteins with precise topological
and compositional asymmetry. Using an integrated experimental and
computational approach, we show that the material properties (thermoresponse
and nanoscale assembly) of these hybrid amphiphiles are modulated
by their amphiphilic architecture. Importantly, we demonstrate that
the judicious choice of amphiphilic architecture can be used to program
the assembly of proteins into adaptive nanoworms, which undergo a
morphological transition (sphere-to-nanoworms) in response to temperature
stimuli.