Living in a high CO<sub>2</sub>world: impacts of global climate change on marine phytoplankton

Beardall, John; Stojkovic, Slobodanka; Larsen, Stuart

doi:10.1080/17550870903271363

Cited by 184 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Most experimental studies on non-calcifying phytoplankton organisms have not described any strong impacts of direct ocean acidification on photosynthetic rates of primary producers (Beardall et al 2009;Hein and SandJensen 1997;Giordano et al 2005), but rather an increase in biomass of the primary producers (Riebesell et al 2007;Urabe et al 2003;Hein and Sand-Jensen 1997;Tortell et al 1997). The observed effects on marine phytoplankton were mainly due to an increase in the availability of carbon and subsequent changes in the carbon-to-nutrient stoichiometry of the algal cells (Urabe and Waki 2009;Hessen and Anderson 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

et al. 2012

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Rising levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere have led to increased CO 2 concentrations in the oceans. This enhanced carbon availability to the marine primary producers has the potential to change their nutrient stoichiometry, and higher carbon-to-nutrient ratios are expected. As a result, the quality of the primary producers as food for herbivores may change. Here, we present experimental work showing the effect of feeding Rhodomonas salina grown under different pCO 2 (200, 400 and 800 latm) on the copepod Acartia tonsa. The rate of development of copepodites decreased with increasing CO 2 availability to the algae. The surplus carbon in the algae was excreted by the copepods, with younger stages (copepodites) excreting most of their surplus carbon through respiration and adult copepods excreting surplus carbon mostly as DOC. We consider the possible consequences of different excretory pathways for the ecosystem. A continued increase in the CO 2 availability for primary production, together with changes in the nutrient loading of coastal ecosystems, may cause changes in the trophic links between primary producers and herbivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

et al. 2012

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“…Modified from [10]. Further details and references are given in the text and in [10][11][12]101,105,106,110,[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]. Predicted resource costs of synthesizing and operating a photosynthetic apparatus using a CCM relative to one relying on entry of CO 2 by diffusion [66,[68][69][70][71]73,91,105,121] Pleistocene, they would have had to have survived intervening period(s) of higher CO 2 and higher temperatures.…”

Section: The Origins Of Co 2 -Concentrating Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO ₂ : carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Raven

Giordano

Beardall

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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245

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Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved at least 2.4 Ga; all oxygenic organisms use the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) -photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle (PCRC) rather than one of the five other known pathways of autotrophic CO 2 assimilation. The high CO 2 and (initially) O 2 -free conditions permitted the use of a Rubisco with a high maximum specific reaction rate. As CO 2 decreased and O 2 increased, Rubisco oxygenase activity increased and 2-phosphoglycolate was produced, with the evolution of pathways recycling this inhibitory product to sugar phosphates. Changed atmospheric composition also selected for Rubiscos with higher CO 2 affinity and CO 2 /O 2 selectivity correlated with decreased CO 2 -saturated catalytic capacity and/or for CO 2 -concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). These changes increase the energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese cost of producing and operating Rubisco -PCRC, while biosphere oxygenation decreased the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The majority of algae today have CCMs; the timing of their origins is unclear. If CCMs evolved in a low-CO 2 episode followed by one or more lengthy high-CO 2 episodes, CCM retention could involve a combination of environmental factors known to favour CCM retention in extant organisms that also occur in a warmer high-CO 2 ocean. More investigations, including studies of genetic adaptation, are needed.

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“…Atmospheric temperature has been predicted to rise by a further 1.8 to 4 • C by the end of this century (Alley et al, 2007). Phytoplankton metabolic activity may be accelerated by increased temperature (Eppley, 1972), which can vary depending on the phytoplankton species and their physiological requirements (Beardall et al, 2009;Boyd et al, 2013). Long-term data sets already suggest that ongoing changes in coastal phytoplankton communities are likely due to climate shifts and other anthropogenic influences (Edwards et al, 2006;Smetacek and Cloern, 2008;Widdicombe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature were investigated during an experimentally induced autumn phytoplankton bloom in vitro sampled from the western English Channel (WEC). A full factorial 36-day microcosm experiment was conducted under year 2100 predicted temperature (+4.5 ∘C) and pCO2 levels (800 µatm). Over the experimental period total phytoplankton biomass was significantly influenced by elevated pCO2. At the end of the experiment, biomass increased 6.5-fold under elevated pCO2 and 4.6-fold under elevated temperature relative to the ambient control. By contrast, the combined influence of elevated pCO2 and temperature had little effect on biomass relative to the control. Throughout the experiment in all treatments and in the control, the phytoplankton community structure shifted from dinoflagellates to nanophytoplankton . At the end of the experiment, under elevated pCO2 nanophytoplankton contributed 90 % of community biomass and was dominated by Phaeocystis spp. Under elevated temperature, nanophytoplankton comprised 85 % of the community biomass and was dominated by smaller nanoflagellates. In the control, larger nanoflagellates dominated whilst the smallest nanophytoplankton contribution was observed under combined elevated pCO2 and temperature (∼ 40 %). Under elevated pCO2, temperature and in the control there was a significant decrease in dinoflagellate biomass. Under the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature, dinoflagellate biomass increased and was dominated by the harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Prorocentrum cordatum. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll a (Chl a) normalised maximum photosynthetic rates (PmB) increased > 6-fold under elevated pCO2 and > 3-fold under elevated temperature while no effect on PmB was observed when pCO2 and temperature were elevated simultaneously. The results suggest that future increases in temperature and pCO2 simultaneously do not appear to influence coastal phytoplankton productivity but significantly influence community composition during autumn in the WEC.

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Living in a high CO₂world: impacts of global climate change on marine phytoplankton

Cited by 184 publications

References 119 publications

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO ₂ : carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

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Living in a high CO2world: impacts of global climate change on marine phytoplankton

Cited by 184 publications

References 119 publications

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO 2 : carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Effects of elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

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Living in a high CO₂world: impacts of global climate change on marine phytoplankton

Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO ₂ : carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel