Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is widespread in farmed mink ( Neovison vison )

Hansen, Julie Elvekjær; Larsen, Anders Rhod; Skov, Robert; Chriél, Mariann; Larsen, Gitte; Angen, Øystein; Larsen, Jesper; Lassen, Desireé Corvera Kløve; Pedersen, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.027

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This observation subsequently prompted an investigation of occurrence of MRSA in mink, and it has become evident that MRSA is widespread on Danish mink farms. The majority of the isolates are livestock-associated MRSA CC398, and belonging to spa-types t034 and t011, which are also most prevalent in pigs [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFor proper treatment of bacterial infections in mink, knowledge of the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is crucial. The used antimicrobials are in general not registered for mink, i.e. most usage is “off-label”. In this study, we report the patterns of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria isolated from Danish mink during the period 2014–2016. The aim of this investigation was to provide data on antimicrobial resistance and consumption, to serve as background knowledge for new veterinary guidelines for prudent and optimal antimicrobial usage in mink.ResultsA total number of 308 Escherichia coli isolates, 41 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 Streptococcus canis, 30 Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 55 Staphylococcus delphini, 9 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Staphylococcus schleiferi were included in this study. Among E. coli, resistance was observed more frequently among the hemolytic isolates than among the non-hemolytic ones. The highest frequency of resistance was found to ampicillin, 82.3% and 48.0% of the hemolytic of the non-hemolytic isolates, respectively. The majority of the P. aeruginosa isolates were only sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Among the Staphylococcus spp., the highest occurrence of resistance was found for tetracycline. Regarding the nine S. aureus, one isolate was resistant to cefoxitin indicating it was a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Both β-hemolytic Streptococcus species showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. The antimicrobial consumption increased significantly during 2007–2012, and fluctuated at a high level during 2012–2016, except for a temporary drop in 2013–2014. The majority of the prescribed antimicrobials were aminopenicillins followed by tetracyclines and macrolides.ConclusionsThe study showed that antimicrobial resistance was common in most pathogenic bacteria from mink, in particular hemolytic E. coli. There is a need of guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials for mink.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0328-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark

et al. 2017

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“…All samples of ready-to-eat feed were LA-MRSA negative. Hansen et al [5] reported LA-MRSA in 20/108 (19%) of final mink feed products. LA-MRSA was also widely found on the paws and in the pharynx of the mink, and spill-over from pig production via raw slaughter by-product was strongly suggested to be the source [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hammer et al [4] reported a spontaneous outbreak of abortions and mortality in Danish mink farms probably due to C. limosum found in raw mink feed samples. Hansen et al [5] found livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in 20 out of 58 (34%) of clinical mink samples and in 20/108 (19%) of feed samples. Studies have shown mink to be sensitive to a number of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, moniliformin and ergot alkaloids [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological quality of mink feed raw materials and feed production area

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe quality of mink feed and raw ingredients affect health and growth. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat mink feed and its raw ingredients, screen the plant part of the feed for mycotoxins, and determine the hygiene of the production environment in the feed processing facilities. The results of the study are important for identification of critical steps in the feed production and for formulation of recommendations for improvements of production processes to obtain better quality feed. Feed and swab samples were taken at three Danish mink feed producers October 2016 and May 2017, respectively. Viable counts, detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), influenza virus and filamentous fungi were performed together with qualitative chemical analyses for bioactive fungal metabolites and mycotoxins. Swab samples were analyzed for total viable counts.ResultsViable counts varied between 7.2 × 102 and 9.3 × 107 cfu/g in raw ingredients and between 107 and 109 cfu/cm2 on different surfaces at the feed production facilities. A pork meat product, pork haemoglobin, pork liver and a poultry mix was found positive for MRSA, while monophasic Salmonella [4,5,12:i:-] was detected in a pork meat product. Neither MRSA nor Salmonella was detected in any ready-to-eat feed. Influenza A virus was not detected in any sample. Filamentous fungi were detected in all analysed samples of ready-to-eat feed while dihydro-demethyl-sterigmatocystin was found in almost 50% of all ready-to-eat feed samples and in 80% of the sugar beet pulp. Fumonisins and other Fusarium toxins were found especially in corn gluten meal and extruded barley and wheat.ConclusionsMink feed contained a cocktail of mycotoxins and bacteria, which may not per se cause clinical disease, but may affect organ function and animal performance and well-being.

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“…However, now that LA‐MRSA has spread in the pig population, it is important to prevent it from spreading to other production and companion animals. Denmark already reports spillover to the mink population most likely via contaminated feed (Hansen et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of zoonotic multidrug‐resistant bacteria in veterinarians in a country with prudent use of antimicrobials in animals

Verkola

Pietola

Järvinen

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The occurrence of multidrug‐resistant zoonotic bacteria in animals has been increasing worldwide. Working in close contact with livestock increases the risk of carriage of these bacteria. We investigated the occurrence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC beta‐lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL/pAmpC‐PE) and livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA‐MRSA) in Finnish veterinarians (n = 320). In addition to microbiological samples, background information was collected. Bacterial whole genome sequencing was performed to deduce sequence types (STs), spa types and resistance genes of the isolates. In total, 3.0% (9/297) of the veterinarians carried ESBL producing Escherichia coli, with one ESBL producing E. coli isolate producing also AmpC. Seven different STs, sequences of several different plasmid groups as well as several different blaESBL/pAmpC genes existed in different combinations. No carbapenemase or colistin resistance genes were detected. MRSA was detected in 0.3% (1/320) of the samples. The strain belonged to LA‐MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398 (ST398, spa type 011, lacking Panton‐Valentine leukocidin genes). In conclusion, this study shows low carriage of multidrug‐resistant zoonotic bacteria in Finnish veterinarians. However, finding LA‐MRSA for the first time in a sample from a veterinarian in a country with prudent use of animal antimicrobials and regarding the recent rise of LA‐MRSA on Finnish pig farms, a strong recommendation to protect people working in close contact with animals carrying LA‐MRSA CC398 is given. Further studies are needed to explain why the prevalence of LA‐MRSA in veterinarians is lower in Finland than in other European countries.

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is widespread in farmed mink ( Neovison vison )

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark

Microbiological quality of mink feed raw materials and feed production area

Low prevalence of zoonotic multidrug‐resistant bacteria in veterinarians in a country with prudent use of antimicrobials in animals

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