Liver of the fish Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and nematode larvae infection: Histochemical features and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen

Abstract

Histopathological lesions due to third-larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast-connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.

Immunohistopathological response against anisakid nematode larvae and a coccidian in Micromesistius poutassou from NE Atlantic waters

“…It is well known that extraintestinal helminths frequently become encapsulated, as an evolved strategy to reduce parasite immune reactivity (Dezfuli et al ., 2017) and, thus, the extent of collateral damage to the infected host tissue. The granuloma is a chronic inflammatory focal response, most often organized in concentric cellular layers in/on the host tissue (Ferguson, 2006).…”

“…Many studies have focused on the adverse health effects of larval nematodes on marine fish species (reviewed by Buchmann, 2012; Mackenzie & Hemmingsen, 2014; Horbowy et al ., 2016; Mladineo et al ., 2016; Debenedetti et al ., 2019). Formation of granulomas on the surface of internal organs (Buchmann & Mehrdana, 2016; Dezfuli et al ., 2017) or in the skeletal musculature is a common response to larval nematodes in fish (Umberger et al ., 2013; Cipriani et al ., 2016). Granulomas are focal chronic inflammatory lesions that appear as nodules in tissues and organs of the host (Ferguson, 2006; Dezfuli et al ., 2016).…”

“…Granulomas are focal chronic inflammatory lesions that appear as nodules in tissues and organs of the host (Ferguson, 2006; Dezfuli et al ., 2016). Cellular immune responses in fish–parasite systems generally involve the following cell components: neutrophils (Jørgensen et al ., 2018; Furtado et al ., 2019), mast cells (MCs) (Reite & Evensen, 2006; Buchmann, 2012; Dezfuli et al ., 2018), macrophage aggregates (MAs) (Agius & Roberts, 2003; Dezfuli et al ., 2017) and epithelioid cells (Ferguson, 2006; Dezfuli et al ., 2017).…”

Study on the Expression of PCNA in Hypertrophic Scar Cell Model

“…Secondly, PCNA is also a kind of cell cycle regulation protein existing in the nucleus, interacting with cell cycle protein, cell cycle protein-dependent kinase and cell cycle protein-dependent kinase inhibitory protein to regulate the transformation of each phase of cell cycle. As PCNA only appears in cells with proliferation state, and the expression level reaches the peak in the S phase of cell proliferation, it is taken as an important indicator to evaluate the cell proliferation state [5].…”

“…For ICC，expression of PCNA is widely used as a marker of replicated DNA [4] and cell proliferation [5]. Control Cells were seeds in the normal 6-well plates with polylysine-coated slides.…”