Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas

Abstract

Background. The liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas have a common embryologic origin; cancers that arise from these sites therefore are expected to share a similar spectrum of histologic types. These cancers are known for their extremely poor prognoses. Methods. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program regarding the incidence, distribution of histologic types, stage of disease, and survival for cancers of the gallbladder (n = 4412), extrahepatic bile ducts (n = 3486), pancreas (n = 23, 116), and liver (n = 6,391) were reviewed. The most common histologic types are discussed, and the frequency of rare types is reported. Results. The incidence of biliary cancer decreased, while the incidence of hepatic and pancreatic cancer rose slightly over the 15‐year period from 1973 to 1987. Age and sex distributions varied by histologic type. Greater than 98% of pancreatic and biliary cancers were carcinomas, and adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) was the most common histologic type recorded. In the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common type, followed by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The overall 5‐year relative survival rates for these cancers were very low: gallbladder, 12.3%; extrahepatic bile duct, 12.7%; liver 3.1%; and pancreas 2.5% (all stages combined, 1978‐1986). Conclusions. This review confirmed that these carcinomas are associated with a very poor outcome; however, survival was influenced by stage of disease and histologic type. In the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, papillary adenocarcinoma was associated with the best outcome of all histologic types, and in the exocrine pancreas, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was associated with the best prognosis.

Transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: Results and prognostic factors governing treatment success

“…1 The tumor represents less than 2-3% of all cancers and up to 19% of primary liver cancers worldwide. [1][2][3][4] In Europe and North America, the average incidence of CCC is 1-2/100,000 per year. 5,6 The incidence during the last years is increasing, and this increasing incidence is associated with an increase in mortality.…”

“…2,[7][8][9][10] Because of an advanced nature of the tumor on the time of first diagnosis, the therapeutic options for patients with unresectable CCC are limited.…”

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

“…Primary hepatic sarcoma constitutes only 0.2-2% of primary hepatic cancers [1][2][3]. Among these primary hepatic sarcomas, PHL comprises 6-16% [3,4], making it an extremely rare tumor.…”

“…Among these primary hepatic sarcomas, PHL comprises 6-16% [3,4], making it an extremely rare tumor. PHL may develop from the smooth muscle cells of intrahepatic vascular structures or bile ducts [5].…”

Histopathological study of hepatobiliary malignancies and its correlation with clinical features

“…In all four sites, greater than 95% are carcinomas. 2 Primary cancers of the liver are uncommon in United States but are common in other parts of the world, especially in Africa and southeast Asia 3 . In the present study of total 13 cases of hepatobiliary malignancies 53.8% were those of liver with metastases constituting( 71.4%.)…”