Livelihood diversification strategies, incomes and soil management strategies: a case study from Kerio Valley, Kenya

Iiyama, Miyuki; Kariuki, Patrick Chege; Kristjanson, Patti; Kaitibie, Simeon; Maitima, Joseph

doi:10.1002/jid.1419

Cited by 82 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To comprehend whether poor people's livelihood is sustainable or not, the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Frameworks (SLF) have been proposed [34][35][36]. Several studies related to rural livelihood have used SLF [14,16,17,19,23,29]. SLF encompasses five interacting elements namely; vulnerability context, asset pentagon, mediating factors, livelihood strategy, and outcomes that jointly create the livelihood of poor people [34].…”

Section: Livelihood Concept and Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to Babulo's [18] study, this study used a household's self-reported values of market prices for estimating income and production expenditure. We excluded the amount of household consumption income and the cost of family labour in calculating the production cost as in previous studies [17,24,42]. Despite home consumption contributing to a large proportion of the total household's income [43], we aimed to identify livelihood strategies capable of reducing absolute poverty, where cash earning or nominal income is considered as the suitable proxy [44].…”

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inclusion of consumption income without the family labour cost would result in high error in the net income calculation. Therefore, we excluded the value of home consumption as in earlier studies [17,42]. Following the aggregation of the total annual household income, daily per capita income was calculated by dividing the sum of the nominal household income by the household size and was converted to a daily measure by diving by 365.…”

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clustering households into distinct livelihood strategy groups employing sectoral income share through cluster analysis has become the dominant approach in livelihood studies [7,17,24]. Categorizing households with similar income earning characteristics into a mutually exclusive group enables policy makers to design and implement more effective programmes for the targeted group [7,17].…”

Section: Determining Livelihood Strategy Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have classified household livelihood strategies based either on income quartiles [14], households' asset ownership [15,16], major livelihood activities [17], or on income composition [7,18,19]. Studies centered on the welfare outcome of a household's livelihood strategies have consistently found a positive relationship between livelihood diversification to the non-farm sector and poverty reduction [11,14,16,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Understanding household livelihood strategies is pivotal to minimize rural poverty in the least developed countries like Nepal. This study is an attempt to assess livelihood strategies pursued by rural households, investigate the most remunerative strategy, and identify the factors that influence a household's choice of better strategies in rural Nepal. Primary data collected in 453 households from three villages of central Nepal are analyzed quantitatively within a sustainable livelihood framework. This study categorized households into five main livelihood strategy groups. The results showed that the majority (61%) of the households diversified their income to non-farm sources. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies adopted by 16% of the households is the most remunerative strategy followed by commercial farming that includes 13% of the sample and are more relevant to poverty reduction. Land holding, education, agriculture and skill training, access to credit, and proximity to the road and market center are the major influencing factors on the adoption of higher returning livelihood strategies. Stimulating poor households to follow market-oriented farm and non-farm activities by improving access to education, vocational training, rural credit, and rural infrastructures is momentous for reducing poverty in the rural areas of central Nepal.

show abstract

Section: Livelihood Concept and Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining Livelihood Strategy Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Working Poor? A Study of Rural Workers' Economic Welfare in Kenya

Fibæk

2020

J of Intl Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the poverty reduction potential of large‐scale farm employment in Kenya. A long‐run time series of real agricultural wages is created. The quantitative data are supplemented by life‐story interviews of agricultural workers. The analysis suggests that large‐scale farm employment can serve as a route out of deep poverty. However, to prevent wages from falling below the subsistence level, there is a need for a balanced rural development strategy whereby investments in smallholder agriculture and skills upgrades accompany the expansion of commercial agriculture. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

show abstract

Rural Poverty Dynamics and Refugee Communities in South Africa: A Spatial–Temporal Model

Sartorius

Tollman

et al. 2011

Population Space and Place

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The assimilation of refugees into their host community economic structures is often problematic. The paper investigates the ability of refugees in rural South Africa to accumulate assets over time relative to their host community. Bayesian spatial–temporal modelling was employed to analyse a longitudinal database that indicated that the asset accumulation rate of former Mozambican refugee households was similar to their host community; however, they were unable to close the wealth gap. A series of geo-statistical wealth maps illustrate that there is a spatial element to the higher levels of absolute poverty in the former refugee villages. The primary reason for this is their physical location in drier conditions that are established further away from facilities and infrastructure. Neighbouring South African villages in close proximity, however, display lower levels of absolute poverty, suggesting that the spatial location of the refugees only partially explains their disadvantaged situation. In this regard, the results indicate that the wealth of former refugee households continues to be more compromised by higher mortality levels, poorer education, and less access to high-return employment opportunities. The long-term impact of low initial asset status appears to be perpetuated in this instance by difficulties in obtaining legal status in order to access state pensions, facilities, and opportunities. The usefulness of the results is that they can be used to sharpen the targeting of differentiated policy in a given geographical area for refugee communities in rural Africa. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Livelihood diversification strategies, incomes and soil management strategies: a case study from Kerio Valley, Kenya

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Working Poor? A Study of Rural Workers' Economic Welfare in Kenya

Rural Poverty Dynamics and Refugee Communities in South Africa: A Spatial–Temporal Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About