Live-weight gains on leucaena and native grass pastures after dosing cattle with rumen bacteria capable of degrading DHP, a ruminal metabolite from leucaena

Quirk, MF; Bushell, John; Jones, R. J.; Megarrity, RG; Butler, K. L.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600082976

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several Acacia species, as well as L. leucocephala and M. tenuiflora, serve as suitable forage plants due to their comparably high contents of proteins (Garcia et al 1996). However, L. leucocephala contains a non-proteinogenic amino acid, mimosine, which can serve as an effective anti-herbivore defence (Quirk et al 1988). Several antand non-ant acacia species contain cyanogenic glycosides (Rehr et al 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and quantification of "condensed tannins" as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence? Revisiting an old problem

Heil

Baumann

Andary

et al. 2002

Naturwissenschaften

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contents of phenolic compounds in leaf extracts often serve as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence. This method suffers from the multifunctionality of phenolics and from problems with their colorimetric quantification. Here we present further evidence for the pertinence of these problems. Contents of condensed tannins (CCT) were spectrophotometrically quantified in leaf extracts of 11 closely related mimosoid species, and Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars were reared on artificial diet containing these extracts. The relationship of CCT with caterpillar growth differed considerably among plant species, since both positive and negative correlations were detected. There was, however, a negative correlation of CCT with fungal spore germination, indicating a role of these compounds in resistance to fungi. Detailed knowledge on the structure and biological function of defensive compounds and on the overall composition of leaves is required to estimate a plant's defensive efficacy against a particular group of enemies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and quantification of "condensed tannins" as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence? Revisiting an old problem

Heil

Baumann

Andary

et al. 2002

Naturwissenschaften

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is usually degraded into toxic dihydroxypyridone (DHP) by ruminant gut bacteria. However, in Central America where L. leucocephala is native, the gut bacteria Synergistes jonesii is capable of fully metabolizing mimosine and DHP [238,239]. Additional examples are covered in the recent review by Huang et al .…”

Section: Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores

Fürstenberg-Hägg

Zagrobelny

Bak

2013

IJMS

657

459

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are constitutive while others are induced, although the insecticidal defense compound or protein classes are often similar. Insect herbivory induce several internal signals from the wounded tissues, including calcium ion fluxes, phosphorylation cascades and systemic- and jasmonate signaling. These are perceived in undamaged tissues, which thereafter reinforce their defense by producing different, mostly low molecular weight, defense compounds. These bioactive specialized plant defense compounds may repel or intoxicate insects, while defense proteins often interfere with their digestion. Volatiles are released upon herbivory to repel herbivores, attract predators or for communication between leaves or plants, and to induce defense responses. Plants also apply morphological features like waxes, trichomes and latices to make the feeding more difficult for the insects. Extrafloral nectar, food bodies and nesting or refuge sites are produced to accommodate and feed the predators of the herbivores. Meanwhile, herbivorous insects have adapted to resist plant defenses, and in some cases even sequester the compounds and reuse them in their own defense. Both plant defense and insect adaptation involve metabolic costs, so most plant-insect interactions reach a stand-off, where both host and herbivore survive although their development is suboptimal.

show abstract

“…Since the incubation times were short (2-4 h), the dilution of rumen fluid with artificial saliva (1: 1) was discontinued in these studies. (Quirk et al 1988). Transfer of ruminal activity has also been observed from nitrate-adapted cattle, where the enhanced capacity to reduce nitrite and nitrate was conferred on control animals in close proximity (Cheng et al 1985).…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further enhancement of 3-nitropropanol detoxification by ruminal bacteria in cattle

Majak¹

1992

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Majak, W. 1992. Further enhancement of 3-nitropropanol detoxification by ruminal bacteria in catile. Can. J. Anim. . Ruminal fluid obtained from cattle was used to determine the effects of different diets and supplements on the in vitro degradation of 3-nitropropanol, the miserotoxin aglycone of certatn Astragalus species such as timber milkvetch (Leguminosae). Nitroethane, an analog of the aglycone that is much less toxic to mammals, was effective as a supplement when given onllternate days. It enhanced the in vitro rates of nitropropanol degradation in all experiments, bv 70-110% .In asreement, daily doses of timber milkvetch at a level equivalent to 3 mg nitropropanol tg-1 UoOy weight*also enhanced nitropropanol degradation, suggesting an adaptation to the_alip_hatic nitro group by ruminal bacteria. The forage protein content appears to contribute to the microbial efhcacy and this wis verified when diets were supplemented with soybean meal. The protein supplement increased nitropropanol degradation by 37-44% and, as expected, it also promoted cellulose digestion in vitro.The effect of nitroethane supplementation on the absorption of nitropropanol from the rumen was examined when treated and control groups were challenged with timber milkvetch. Plasma levels of 3-nitropropionic acid, the oxidized form of nitropropanol which is detected in the blood, were significantly reduced in response to nitroethane supplementation, and rates of nitropropanol degradation by ruminal microbes were concomitantly enhanced. These combined results further elucidate the factors that control and contribute to nitropropanol detoxification and suggest possible methods ofprevention of timber milkvetch poisoning under rangeland conditions. where it is detected in the oxidized-form as 3-nitropropionic acid (Pass et al. 1984(Pass et al. , 1985 MATERIALS AND METHODS GeneralThe rumen-fistulated cattle in these studies were predominantly Jersey and Hereford steers. The studies were conducted during 1987-1990 were maintained on a test diet for at least 2 wk before strained ruminal fluid was obtained for in vitro incubations with nitropropanol (2 mM). The fluid was always collected at 09:00 h, before the morning feeding. Details on the anaerobic in vitro procedures and spectrophotometric methods of analysis were described previously (Majak et al. 1982(Majak et al. . 1986). Since the incubation times were short (2-4 h), the dilution of rumen fluid with artificial saliva (1: 1) was discontinued in these studies.

show abstract

Live-weight gains on leucaena and native grass pastures after dosing cattle with rumen bacteria capable of degrading DHP, a ruminal metabolite from leucaena

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Extraction and quantification of "condensed tannins" as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence? Revisiting an old problem

Extraction and quantification of "condensed tannins" as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence? Revisiting an old problem

Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores

Further enhancement of 3-nitropropanol detoxification by ruminal bacteria in cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About