Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)

Resta–Lenert, Silvia; Barrett, Kim E.

doi:10.1136/gut.52.7.988

Cited by 555 publications

(380 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Exposure of colonic epithelial cell lines to bacterial lipopeptide or peptidoglycan results in apical tightening and sealing of the tight junctional protein ZO-1 and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (38). These data may tie together previous observations that certain probiotic preparations increased barrier function in vitro (39,40) and attenuate inflammation in animal models of colitis (41)(42)(43). However, in an animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis, LPS inhibited migration of intestinal epithelial cells across a wound through a TLR4-dependent mechanism (44).…”

Section: Homeostatic Function Of Bacterial-epithelial Interactionssupporting

confidence: 57%

TLR Signaling in the Gut in Health and Disease

Abreu

Fukata

Arditi

2005

The Journal of Immunology

533

382

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The human intestine has evolved in the presence of diverse enteric microflora. TLRs convert the recognition of pathogen-associated molecules in the gut into signals for anti-microbial peptide expression, barrier fortification, and proliferation of epithelial cells. Healing of injured intestinal epithelium and clearance of intramucosal bacteria require the presence of intact TLR signaling. Nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod)1 and Nod2 are additional pattern recognition receptors that are required for defense against invasive enteric pathogens. Through spatial and functional localization of TLR and Nod molecules, the normal gut maintains a state of controlled inflammation. By contrast, patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrate inflammation in response to the normal flora. A subset of these patients carry polymorphisms in TLR and CARD15/NOD2 genes. A better understanding of the delicate regulation of TLR and Nod molecules in the gut may lead to improved treatment for enteric infections and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases.

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Section: Homeostatic Function Of Bacterial-epithelial Interactionssupporting

confidence: 57%

TLR Signaling in the Gut in Health and Disease

Abreu

Fukata

Arditi

2005

The Journal of Immunology

533

382

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“…For instance, Resta-Lenert & Barrett (2003) have shown that the probiotics Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus protect epithelial cells (HT-29 and Caco-2) against enteroinvasive E. colimediated disruption of epidermal growth factor signalling. Consistent with our results, pre-treatment of epithelial cells with probiotics was required to provide protection against the effects of EHEC on host cell signal transduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with our results, pre-treatment of epithelial cells with probiotics was required to provide protection against the effects of EHEC on host cell signal transduction. In addition, live probiotics are required to ameliorate the adverse effects of pathogens, since neither antibiotic-killed (Resta-Lenert & Barrett, 2003) nor heat-killed ; this study) probiotics prevent the pathogenic effects of E. coli enteropathogens on cultured epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics prevent enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7-mediated inhibition of interferon-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1

et al. 2009

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Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 : H7 inhibits interferon (IFN)-c-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 in epithelial cells. We determined the effects of probiotics on EHEC-mediated disruption of IFN-c-stimulated STAT-1 activation in epithelial cell lines. Confluent Intestine 407, HEp-2 and Caco-2 epithelial cells were pre-treated (3 h) with either probiotics or surface-layer proteins derived from Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 prior to infection with EHEC O157 : H7 strain CL56 (m.o.i. 100 : 1, 6 h, 37 6C in 5 % CO 2 ). Subsequently, cells were washed and stimulated with human recombinant IFN-c (50 ng ml "1 , 0.5 h, 37 6C) followed by whole-cell protein extraction and immunoblotting for tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT-1. Relative to uninfected cells, STAT-1-activation was reduced after EHEC O157 : H7 infection. Pre-incubation with the probiotic L. helveticus R0052 followed by EHEC infection abrogated pathogen-mediated disruption of IFNc-STAT-1 signalling. As determined using Transwell inserts, probiotic-mediated protection was independent of epithelial cell contact. In contrast, pre-incubation with boiled L. helveticus R0052, an equal concentration of viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, or surface-layer proteins (0.14 mg ml "1 ) did not restore STAT-1 signalling in EHEC-infected cells. The viable probiotic agent L. helveticus R0052 prevented EHEC O157 : H7-mediated subversion of epithelial cell signal transduction responses. INTRODUCTIONOutbreaks of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157 : H7 infection occur frequently across the developed world (Serna & Boedeker, 2008). This foodborne enteric pathogen is acquired from contaminated foodstuffs and non-chlorinated drinking water (Karch et al., 2005;Maki, 2006;Rangel et al., 2005). In the severest cases of infection (~10-15 % of cases), the haemolytic uraemic syndrome develops as a systemic complication, leading to patient hospitalization, kidney failure and death (Serna & Boedeker, 2008;Tarr et al., 2005). Renal disease results from bacterial cytotoxin [Shiga-like toxin (Stx)-1 and -2] production in the gut, release into the systemic circulation and damage to vascular endothelial cells in the renal glomerulus (Blackall & Marques, 2004). EHEC pathogenesis is also attributed to intimate bacterial adhesion conferred by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, the activity of effector proteins secreted through a type three secretion system (T3SS), and pathogen modulation of host cell signal transduction cascades (Bhavsar et al., 2007;Kaper et al., 2004).EHEC disease pathogenesis includes subversion of epithelial cell signal transduction cascades involved in host innate immune responses to infection (Bhavsar et al., 2007). For instance, EHEC inhibits interferon (IFN)-c-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) in multiple cell lines (Ceponis et al., 2003), which is mediated by a bacterially encoded fac...

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“…72 As noted in other studies with prebiotics and probiotics, effects on gut barrier function varied among strains and effector molecules. [73][74][75] While intestinal permeability may be altered in a subset of IBS patients, the relationship with dysbiosis requires further study. Commensal and probiotic organisms can regulate intestinal barrier function through a variety of mechanisms and hence contribute to the development or perpetuation of IBS.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology

Saulnier¹,

et al. 2013

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The brain-gut axis allows bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent experimental work suggests that the gut microbiota have an impact on the brain-gut axis. A group of experts convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) discussed the role of gut bacteria on brain functions and the implications for probiotic and prebiotic science. The experts reviewed and discussed current available data on the role of gut microbiota on epithelial cell function, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensitivity, perception and behavior. Data, mostly gathered from animal studies, suggest interactions of gut microbiota not only with the enteric nervous system but also with the central nervous system via neural, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and humoral links. Microbial colonization impacts mammalian brain development in early life and subsequent adult behavior. These findings provide novel insights for improved understanding of the potential role of gut microbial communities on psychological disorders, most particularly in the field of psychological comorbidities associated with functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should present new opportunity for interventions with pro-and prebiotics.

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Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)

Cited by 555 publications

References 43 publications

TLR Signaling in the Gut in Health and Disease

TLR Signaling in the Gut in Health and Disease

Probiotics prevent enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7-mediated inhibition of interferon-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1

The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology

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