Lithostratigraphy of the Enon Formation (Uitenhage Group), South Africa

Muir, Robert A.; Bordy, Emese M.; Reddering, J. S. V.; Viljoen, J.H.A.

doi:10.25131/gssajg.120.2.273

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In fact, 98.8% of the Area 1 assemblage is comprised of quartzites derived from the Enon Formation (Uitenhage Group) (Herries et al in press). These quartzites were initially formed within the Peninsula Formation Sandstones (Table Mountain Group), located in the eastern Cape Fold Belt, and incorporated into the Enon conglomerates during pre-Cretaceous times (Booth & Shone 2002;Muir et al 2017). As the Enon conglomerates were eroded during or after the Cretaceous period, quartzite nodules were deflated onto the landscape around Amanzi Springs and incorporated into the bedload of the nearby Coega River (~2 km north of the spring sites) (Deacon 1970;Herries et al in press).…”

Section: Amanzi Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing morphological variability in handaxes from Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Caruana

Lotter

2023

safa

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Recent excavations at Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs have reinvigorated interest in the Acheulean archaeological record of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. While this research now provides valuable detail on hominin adaptations in environments that differ from the interior, few Acheulean assemblages in this region have been recorded or thoroughly analysed. Here we compare Acheulean handaxes from Penhill Farm and the Amanzi Springs Area 1 locality to help characterise the expression of this technocomplex in the Eastern Cape. We employ a multivariate analysis of allometry to highlight the relationship between shape variance in relation to the size of handaxes, which further provide perspective on shaping processes. Results demonstrate high levels of techno-morphological variability that may distinguish Acheulean handaxes in the Eastern Cape region from sites elsewhere. We further argue that morphological variation in handaxes from Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs may have also been influenced by site function, discard behaviours and group mobility patterns. These data refute the notion that the Acheulean technocomplex represents a single, homogenous technological entity, but rather was a flexible tradition that was influenced by region-specific factors.

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Section: Amanzi Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing morphological variability in handaxes from Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Caruana

Lotter

2023

safa

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“…also Flemming and Martin 2018), which are locally overlain by conglomerates of the Enon Formation (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) (e.g. Muir et al 2017). Morphologically, the most prominent is the raised coastal platform which, at the coast, rises steeply from sea level to elevations > 100 m. It fronts the Outeniqua Mountain range that rises to over 1000 m some 20 km inland from Nature's Valley or 35 km from the Robberg Peninsula (cf.…”

Section: Geomorphology and Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology of a coastal shelf sector characterised by multiple bedload boundaries: Plettenberg Bay, inner Agulhas Bank, South Africa

Flemming

Martin²

2021

Geo-Mar Lett

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The study deals with a large sand body (spit-bar) attached to the eastern tip of the Robberg Peninsula, Plettenberg Bay, South Africa. To date, the bar has prograded about 8 km beyond the tip of the peninsula. The bar top is predominantly composed of medium sand, the upper slope of fine sand, and the lower slope of fine muddy sand. Stratigraphically, the sedimentology thus documents an upward coarsening, calcareous quartz-arenitic depositional sequence. The spit-bar as a whole forms the eastern end of a sediment compartment that is clearly distinguishable from neighbouring compartments on the basis of its geomorphology, the textural characteristics of the sediment, and the distribution of sediment thicknesses. Aeolian overpass across the peninsula appears to have formed a fan-like sand deposit in its rear, which is perched upon the upper shoreface of the bay as suggested by the bathymetry to the north of the peninsula. It forms an integral part of the sediment body defining the spit-bar. The estimated volume of sand stored in the spit-bar amounts to 5.815 km3, of which 0.22 km3 is contributed by the aeolian overpass sand. The sediment sources of the spit-bar are located up to 100 km to the west, where a number of small rivers supply limited amounts of sediment to the sea and numerous coastal aeolianite ridges in the Wilderness embayment have been subject to erosion after becoming drowned in the course of the postglacial sea-level rise since about 12 ky BP. By contrast, the sediment volume in the adjacent compartment B to the north (Plettenberg Bay), which has been supplied by local rivers, amounts to only 0.127 km3. In a geological context, large sand bodies such as the Robberg spit-bar are excellent exploration models for hydrocarbons (oil and gas).

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“…The Kirkwood Fm is one of three units that comprise the Uitenhage Group, a thick sequence of sedimentary fill within the Algoa Basin, the largest of several faultcontrolled half-graben mid-Mesozoic sedimentary basins that lie along the southern coast of Africa (e.g., Muir et al, 2017aMuir et al, , 2017bMuir et al, 2020;Tankard et al, 1982;Winter, 1973). The Uitenhage Group unconformably overlies rocks of the Paleozoic Cape Supergroup and is formally divided into the Enon Formation, Kirkwood Formation, and the Sundays River Formation (Figure 1).…”

Section: Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Of The Kirkwood Fmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iyuku raathi, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa

Forster

Klerk

Poole

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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We name and describe a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Creteceous Kirkwood Formation, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This dinosaur is one of only two ornithopod dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous of southern Africa, and is unique in being represented primarily by hatchling to young juvenile individuals as demonstrated by bone histological analysis. All of the juvenile material of this new taxon comes from a single, laterally‐restricted bonebed and specimens were primarily recovered as partial to complete single elements, although rare articulated materials and one partial skeleton were found. Sedimentology of the bonebed suggests that this horizon heralds a change in environment upsection to a drier and more seasonal climate. This accumulation of bones is interpreted as seasonal mortality from a nesting site or nesting grounds and may be linked to this environmental shift.

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Lithostratigraphy of the Enon Formation (Uitenhage Group), South Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Comparing morphological variability in handaxes from Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Comparing morphological variability in handaxes from Penhill Farm and Amanzi Springs, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Sedimentology of a coastal shelf sector characterised by multiple bedload boundaries: Plettenberg Bay, inner Agulhas Bank, South Africa

Iyuku raathi, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa

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