Iyuku raathi , a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa

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The phylogenetic relationships of the new dryosaurid genus Iyuku are explored using parsimony analysis. As all known specimens are juvenile, each character of the data matrix was examined across all included taxa for morphological changes through ontogeny in the phylogenetic characters. Any character that changed in any taxon was considered an ontogenetically sensitive character (OSC) and coded as unknown for juvenile specimens, including all specimens of Iyuku. This method was tested with three other genera in the data set that are known from juvenile and adult specimens: Orodromeus, Dryosaurus, and Hypacrosaurus. Four separate analyses were performed: (1) standard phylogenetic coding, (2) coding OSCs as unknown for juveniles, with both juvenile and adult OTUs present, (3) removal of adult specimens from second analysis, (4) adult specimens where known, taxa known only from juveniles coded as unknown for OSCs. In all taxa, congeneric juvenile and adult specimens were recovered as sister taxa (analysis 2), and juveniles in analysis 3 were found at a congruent node to the congeneric adult in analyses 1 and 4, though with a loss of resolution in the tree. Consideration of the changes in morphology through ontogeny across a given set of taxa can allow some confidence in the phylogenetic affinities of juvenile specimens. In all analyses, Iyuku is recovered as the sister taxon to Dysalotosaurus within Dryosauridae.

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing juvenile specimens in phylogenies: An ontogenetically sensitive phylogenetic assessment of a new genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa

Poole

2022

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“…Rather, to name just some, they span a glorious gamut: from detailed descriptions of unusual Therapods from New Jersey (really? hadrosaurs, Jimmy Hoffa…who knew Jersey was actually interesting; sorry, JL is a native New Yorker and has little control when commenting on New Jersey; Gallagher, 2023); reports on a new iguanodontian dinosaur from South Africa (Forster et al, 2023); new insights on evolutionary relationships from analyses of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in extant archosaurs (i.e., birds and crocodilians; Yoshida et al, 2023); new reconstructions of the pectoral girdle and forelimb musculature of Megaraptora (Rolando et al, 2023); insights from osteohistology of Dromornis stironi with implications for understanding the histology of Australian mihirung birds (Chinsamy et al, 2023); insightful observations on fracture and disease in a large‐bodied ornithomimosaur with insights into identifying unusual endosteal bone in the fossil record (Chinzorig et al, 2023); a comprehensive assessment of the history and future of the study of morphometrics in the study on non‐avian dinosaurs (Hedrick, 2023); detailed modeling to assess and predict the abundance of large carnivorous dinosaurs of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation and the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park formation (by Peter and JL's Yale classmate, the ever‐creative James Farlow; JL is still in awe at all the super‐bright dino dudes that surrounded him at Yale “back in the day”; Farlow et al, 2023); to a number of papers—naturally—on Peter's great love, the ceratopsians, including those by lead Guest Editor Fiorillo (Fiorillo & Tykoski, 2023) and Peter's successor teaching anatomy at Penn, Ali Nabavizadeh (Nabavizadeh, 2023). Even the cover of this Special Issue has been a creative homage to Peter, lovingly created by Anatomical Record Associate Editor (and artist extraordinaire) Adam Hartstone‐Rose (Hartstone‐Rose et al, 2023).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Dinosaurs of all ilks bow and pay tribute to Peter Dodson, their intrepid chronicler, in an Anatomical Record Special Issue in his honor

Laitman

Smith

2023

Amazing how even after half of a century some things do not change. Together again at the University of Pennsylvania, Peter Dodson and editorial co-author JL are energetically talking about six things at once, catching up as old friends are wont to do. Walking along the beautiful, tree-lined, quiet of Locust walk, topics bounce from new dinosaur finds, to what the children (and grandchildren!) are up to, to which of our body parts are the latest to stop working well (hey, we have known each other for some 50 years!). As has been the case since our days together at Yale, JL is lagging behind as Peter's energy, now as back in New Haven, has him moving ever faster than his old anatomy table mate. "C'mon, Jeff," the august Penn Prof admonishes, "we finally get an audience with Professor Leidy, and let's not be late!" Yes, indeed. We have finally arranged a formal audience to see Professor Joseph Leidy, or, more specifically, his brain. For those of you who are not acquainted with Professor Leidy (shame, shame!), he was America's first dinosaur paleontologist of note, having reported and named (in 1858 and1865;Leidy, 1858Leidy, , 1865 the first American dinosaur, the "duck-billed" Hadrosaurus, unearthed in New Jersey (and you thought the state's only remains of note were those of Mob boss Jimmy Hoffa!). Subsequently, Leidy reconstructed Hadrosaurus at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences in 1868, the first museum display of any dinosaur. He estimated it to be 25 ft long and, based on its small forelimbs and long hind limbs, gave it a "kangaroo-like" stance with a semi-upright posture. Indeed, this vertical position became the image of dinosaurs imprinted in our collective visualization that remains to this day (see Dodson, 2009 for discussion). Leidy's day job was as the Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (the first in the United States), and he was a polymath of such renown that his biographer boldly titled his story, Joseph Leidy: The Last Man Who Knew Everything (Warren, 1999). Indeed, when the parent organization of The Anatomical Record, the American Association for Anatomy was formed in 1888 (originally named the Association of American Anatomists, today seen as an exclusionary banner, but done then to

“…This accumulation of bones is interpreted as seasonal mortality from a nesting site or several nesting grounds and may be linked to this environmental shift to drier, more seasonal, and likely hotter conditions (Forster et al, 2023). Numerous morphological features of Iyuku attest to its phylogenetic position within Iguanodontia (Forster et al, 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Forster and others name and describe a new iguanodontian dinosaur, Iyuku , from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa, thereby doubling the known ornithopod diversity for the entire Cretaceous of southern Africa (Forster et al, 2023). The sample is uniquely represented by hatchling to young juvenile individuals as demonstrated by bone histological analysis, and all material of this new taxon comes from a single, laterally restricted bonebed (Forster et al, 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

Introduction to Dinosaurs: New Ideas from Old Bones papers honoring Peter Dodson

Fiorillo

Forster

Weishampel

2023

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This special volume of The Anatomical Record honors the life‐long commitment to anatomy and paleontology by Professor Peter Dodson (Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania). Peter's legacy is not only rooted in his own research interests, but also in the wealth of former students he mentored over his career, many of whom have made their own new contributions to the fields of anatomy and paleontology through original scientific investigation. Within these 18 scientific papers, which cover multiple taxa, multiple continents, and multiple methodologies, each of the contributors brought to this volume their own unique work that can be traced back to some form of inspiration by the honoree.