Lithological distribution of rare earth elements in automorphic and alluvial soils in the Bregalnica river basin

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

et al. 2016

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The main subject of this investigation was the assessment of the lithogenic and anthropogenic distribution of 69 elements in the sediments and fluvisol in the Bregalnica river basin. Alluvial soil and fluvisol samples were collected from the total of eighteen locations along the course of the Bregalnica river and additional thirteen samples were collected from its tributaries. The matrix elements accumulation patterns followed the order: Fe > Na > Al > Ca > Mg > K > Ti > P. The potentially toxic elements, such as As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, have enriched content in the sediments in the medium course of the river, where the main anthropogenic introduction activities occurred. By multivariate analysis the dominant geochemical associations were extracted, as follows: F1: Y-Eu-Lu-Cr-V-La-Gd-Nb-Co-Hf-Zr-Ga-Mg-Fe-Sr-Ta-Sn-Li-Na-RbNi-Ge-Be-Cs; F2: As-W-Ba-Ag-Cu-Tl-Zn-Sb-Mo-In-Cd-Te-Bi-Pb and F3: I-Sc-Br-K. Lead and zinc contents were strongly correlated with the hydrothermal exploitations, especially in the area of Neogene clastite and vulcanite. These elements occur as dominant geochemical markers of the anthropogenic impacts of polymetallic enrichments due to the hydrothermal ore exploitation (Factor 2). The impact of Oligocene volcanism (Kratovo-Zletovo region) was observed in the lithological enrichments of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Mo and Bi. Despite the natural distribution along the course of the Bregalnica river, an exceptional anomaly in the iron distribution of the old polymetallic unused mineralization was detected in Zone 1 (Berovo region).

Section: Multivariate Assessment For the Dominant Geochemical Associamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical hunting of lithogenic and anthropogenic impacts on polymetallic distribution (Bregalnica river basin, Republic of Macedonia)

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

et al. 2016

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“…This tributary is located across the Bučim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore district, where the Bučim copper mine and former Damjan Fe mine are located. The appearances of some elements are related to the specific Cu-Au mineralization as dominant, but enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and relatively flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns is also a general feature of the Bučim region [36][37][38]. Large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as U, Th, Pb are enriched; the high field strength elements (HFSE) like Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta display negative anomalies according to Lehmann et al [37].…”

Section: Matrix Of Factor Loadings -Factor Analysis (Fa) Of Elements'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate factor assessment for lithogenic and anthropogenic distribution of macro and trace elements in surface water. Case study: Basin of the Bregalnica river, Republic of Macedonia

Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.

et al. 2016

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This study presents the spatial distribution of 69 elements in the surface water of the Bregalnica river basin. The concentration of elements was determined using inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The data summary results were reduced with the application of multivariate factor analysis, whereupon three dominant geochemical associations were obtained: F1 (Ca-K-Mg-Na-Ba-Li-Mn-Sr-V), F2 (Al-Fe) and F3 (Sb). Anthropogenic enrichments of Pb and Zn occur in the Pb-Zn mine area. The obtained data exceeded the maximum allowed concentrations in accordance with the national regulation for surface water quality. Trace elements including REEs were significantly correlated with the dominant geological formations characteristic of the different sub-regions in the investigated area.Keywords: heavy metals; spatial distribution; factor analysis; ICP-AES; ICP-MS; Bregalnica river МУЛТИВАРИЈАНТНА ФАКТОРНА ПРОЦЕНА НА ЛИТОГЕНАТА И АНТРОПОГЕНАТА ДИСТРИБУЦИЈА НА МАКРОЕЛЕМЕНТИ И ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ВО ТРАГИ ВО ПОВРШИНСКИ ВОДИ. ПРЕДМЕТ НА СТУДИЈАТА: СЛИВ НА РЕКАТА БРЕГАЛНИЦА, РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈАОвој труд ја прикажува дистрибуцијата на 69 елементи во површинските води во сливот на реката Брегалница. Содржината на елементите беше одредувана со примена на масената спектрометрија со индуктивно спрегната плазма (ICP-MS) и атомската емисиона спектрометрија со индуктивно спрегната плазма (ICP-АЕS). Вкупниот број променливи беше редуциран со примена на факторна анализа, при што беа добиени три доминантни геохемиски асоцијации: F1 (Ca-K-Mg-Na-Bа-Li-Mn-Sr-V), F2 (Al-Fe) и F3 (Sb). Утврдени се антропогено зголемени концентрации на Pb и Zn во регионот на хидротермално искористување на Pb-Zn минерали. Добиените вредности за концентрацијата на овие елементи ги надминуваат максимално дозволените концентрации според националната регулатива за квалитет на површинските води. Елементите во траги, вклучувајќи ги и ретките земји, покажаа значајна корелација со доминантните геолошки формации карактеристични за различни под региони во испитуваната област.

Long-term Geochemical Evolution of Lithogenic Versus Anthropogenic Distribution of Macro and Trace Elements in Household Attic Dust

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

et al. 2016

Attic dusts were examined as historical archives of anthropogenic emissions, with the goal of elucidating the enrichment pathways associated with hydrothermal exploitation of Cu, Pb, and Zn minerals in the Bregalnica River basin in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Dust samples were collected from 84 settlements. Atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma were applied as analytical techniques for the determination of 69 element contents. Multivariate analysis was applied for the extraction of dominant geochemical markers. The lithogenic distribution was simplified to six dominant geochemical markers: F1: Ga-Nb-Ta-Y-(La-Gd)-(Eu-Lu); F2: Be-Cr-Li-Mg-Ni; F3: Ag-Bi-Cd-Cu-In-Mn-Pb-Sb-Te-W-Zn; F4: Ba-Cs-Hf-Pd-Rb-Sr-Tl-Zr; F5: As-Co-Ge-V; and F6: К-Na-Sc-Ti. The anthropogenic effects on the air pollution were marked by a dominance of F3 and secondary dominance of F5. The fifth factor also was determined as a lithogenic marker for the occurrence of the very old Rifeous shales. The first factor also presents a very unique association that despite the heterogeneity relays on natural phenomena of tracking the deposition in areas of Proterosoic gneisses; related to the distribution of fine particles was associated with carbonate-silicate volcanic rocks. Intensive poly-metallic dust depositions were recorded only in the surroundings of localities where the hydrothermal extractions are implemented. Long-term deposition can be considered as pollution indexes for these hot spots. This mainly affects the Cd, Pb, and Zn deposition that is as high as 25, 3900, and 3200 mg/kg, respectively.