Lithium–oxygen batteries—Limiting factors that affect performance

Padbury, Richard P.; Zhang, Xiangwu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.032

Cited by 318 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Pt 10 Ru 90 /mesoporous carbon was prepared by the formic acid reduction method, as reported previously. 24 The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in formic acid solution by sonication, and then a mixed solution (Pt:Ru = 10:90) of H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O (Kanto Chemical Co.) and RuCl 3 (Furuya Metal Co., Ltd.) was dropped into the mesoporous carbon/formic acid solution, which was then stirred overnight.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Air-electrode Material Pt 10 Ru 90 /Cmk-3 or Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Among these batteries, the lithium air secondary battery (LAB) has been attracting much attention because it has the highest theoretical energy density (³3,505 Wh/kg). [7][8][9][10] The reason for such high energy density is that the battery consists of lithium metal and oxygen supplied from air as a negative and a positive active material, respectively, and a nonaqueous solution as an electrolyte. The discharge reaction of an LAB produces Li 2 O 2 from lithium ions and oxygen on the air (positive) electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] One of the causes of the problems is large solid discharge product Li 2 O 2 formed on the air electrode diminished reversibility for the positive electrode reaction due to the formation of non-uniform and large solid discharge product Li 2 O 2 . [11][12][13] Another is that insulation properties of Li 2 O 2 degrade the electrochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, our purpose was to control the size and shape of Li 2 O 2 deposited on the air electrode and consequently improve the cycle properties by using highly ordered mesoporous carbon as support materials. We previously reported that a LAB cell incorporating Pt 10 Ru 90 /KB electrocatalyst shows discharge capacities of more than 800 mAh/g for over 8 cycles in an electrolyte solution based on tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME). 24 Thus, we prepared electrocatalyst-supported mesoporous carbons, Pt 10 Ru 90 /CMK-3 and Pt 10 Ru 90 /CR, and examined the electrochemical properties of LAB cells incorporating them into an air electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

et al. 2017

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The electrochemical properties of a lithium air secondary battery (LAB) cell incorporating CMK-3 or carbon replica (CR) as a highly ordered mesoporous carbon support material were examined under the condition of a current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 with a voltage range of 2.0 to 4.2 V in a dry air atmosphere. The first discharge capacities of the LAB cell incorporating Pt 10 Ru 90 electrocatalyst/CMK-3 and CR were 103 and 1000 mAh/g, respectively. The cycle properties of the LAB cell incorporating Pt 10 Ru 90 electrocatalyst/CMK-3 was poor; in contrast, the one incorporating CR showed better cycle stability (828 mAh/g up to 9 cycles). These superior properties with CR are due to its larger surface area and larger total pore volume than those of CMK-3.

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Section: Synthesis Of Air-electrode Material Pt 10 Ru 90 /Cmk-3 or Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Besides, oxygen as an active material from the environment is essentially unlimited. The first lithium-air battery with a structure of Li|organic electrolyte|air was reported in 1996 by Abraham and Jiang [1], and further developed by many scientists over the world [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, the investigation and development on lithium-air batteries is still in its initial stage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Co(phen)2/C catalyst for the oxygen electrode in rechargeable lithium air batteries

et al. 2012

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A novel Co(phen) 2 /C catalyst was prepared by coating cobalt(II) phenanthroline (phen) chelate on BP2000 carbon black and then heat treating in an inert atmosphere. The obtained Co(phen) 2 /C product with 1.0 wt% cobalt loading exhibits similar morphology and porosity characteristics to those of the bare BP2000. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate a face-centered cubic (fcc) α-Co phase embedded in the carbon support after pyrolysis. Charge/discharge tests of the lithium-oxygen cells using the prepared Co(phen) 2 /C catalyst show high discharge capacities of 4870 mAh g 1 (0.05 mA cm 2 ), 3353 mAh g 1 (0.1 mA cm 2 ) and 3220 mAh g 1 (0.15 mA cm 2 ), respectively. The Co(phen) 2 /C cathode exhibits reasonable reversibility with capacity retention of 1401 mAh g 1 ( 0.1 mA cm 2 ) after 10 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the prepared Co(phen) 2 /C catalyst and low cost of the phenanthroline chelating agent indicate that Co(phen) 2 /C is a promising cheap catalyst for lithium-air batteries. Recently, lithium-air batteries have attracted growing interest because they exhibit a huge theoretical specific energy of 11140 Wh kg 1 excluding O 2 , which provides a practical energy density of an order of magnitude that is larger than the current high-performance lithium ion batteries. Besides, oxygen as an active material from the environment is essentially unlimited. The first lithium-air battery with a structure of Li|organic electrolyte|air was reported in 1996 by Abraham and Jiang [1], and further developed by many scientists over the world [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, the investigation and development on lithium-air batteries is still in its initial stage. Much fundamental research is required before it can be considered for further technological applications. There are impressive challenges on the development of electrolyte systems and air cathodes [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].As the specific capacity of rechargeable lithium air batteries is limited by the air cathode, the nature of the catalyst is important for fabricating higher capacity lithium air batteries [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Transition-metal macrocycles such as phthalocyanine, porphyrin, and their derivatives have emerged as some of the most promising non-noble oxygen reduction reaction catalysts (MN x -based catalysts) [31][32][33]. Cobalt phthalocyanine as a catalyst for O 2 electrodes displays a considerable performance in lithium air batteries, which has been reported by Abraham's group [1]. However, cobalt phthalocyanine is too expensive for large scale application. It is very important to develop active catalysts with low cost for lithium air batteries. In this work we report an inexpensive non-noble catalyst Co(phen) 2 /C prepared using a simple and cheap phenanthroline chelating ligand. Electrochemical performance of the prepared catalyst was investigated. Oxygen electrodes using the prepared Co(phen) 2 /C catalyst could deliver high capacities for rechargeable lithium air batt...

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