Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors: From Insertion‐Type Materials Design to Devices Construction

Abstract

There is a great appeal to develop an omnipotent player combining lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with the capacitive storage communities. Hybrid capacitors as a kind of promising energy storage device are attracting increasing attention in the main playground in recent years. Unlike supercapacitors (SCs) and LIBs, hybrid capacitors combine a capacitive electrode with a Faradaic battery electrode. In these hybrid cells, the capacitive electrode brings the power while the energy mainly comes from the Faradaic one. Numerous efforts have been conducted in the past decades; however, the research about hybrid capacitors is still at its infancy stage, and it is not expected to replace LIBs or SCs in the near future utterly. Here, the advances of hybrid capacitors, including insertiontype materials, lithium-ion capacitors, and sodium-ion capacitors, are reviewed. This review aims to offer useful guidance for the design of faradic battery electrodes and hybrid cell construction. Brief challenges and opportunities for future research on hybrid capacitors are finally presented.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Energy Applications of 2D MXenes

“…Ion capacitor is an important part of supercapacitor. [55] For example, sodium ion capacitor device was assembled by coupling the NaÀ Ti 3 C 2 (Ti 3 C 2 MXene with incremental interlayer spacing using Na-ion pillaring anode with an activated carbon cathode with a high energy density of 80.2 W h kg À 1 and high power density (6172 W kg À 1 ). [56] Table 1 summarizes the electrochemical performance of the reported supercapacitors.…”

2D Graphene/MnO Heterostructure with Strongly Stable Interface Enabling High‐Performance Flexible Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Capacitors

“…One is the slow kinetics and structural instability of the battery‐type anodes during the lithiation/delithiation process; the other is the vast gulf in the specific capacity between the cathode and anode materials. [ 6–10 ] Hence, exploring battery‐type anodes with high reversible capacity, fast reaction kinetics, and robust structural stability are essential to implement the commercial applications of LICs.…”

Multidimensional Dual-Carbon Skeleton Network Confined MnOx Anode Boosting High-Performance Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

“…In LIHCs, composed of a battery-type anode and a capacitor-type cathode, the anode that undergoes a redox reaction dominates the upper limit of its energy density. − Carbon is currently the most widely used material for anodes in LIHCs due to its low cost and abundant raw materials. However, its unsatisfactory theoretical energy density (372 mAh g –1 ), slow kinetic response, and volume expansion during charging/discharging cause poor cycle stability are not conducive to application in wider scenes pursued by lithium-ion hybrid capacitors. , Thus, it is urgent to develop a combination of high power density and specific capacity of the anode promising alternatives.…”