“…10 Other studies have shown that lithium treatment is associated with antiapoptotic eff ects, 15,34,43,49,51,52 decreased expression of inflammatory markers, 31,42,43,45,50 reduced oxidative stress, 35,43,45 and activation of immunomediated responses involved in the restoration of blood-brain barrier integrity. 44,50 Finally, evidence of trophic responses is supported by the ability of lithium to upregulate the brain-derived neurotrophic factor production, 39,52,53 to promote neuronal differentiation, axonal plasticity, and endogenous neurogenesis, 14,28,42,45 as well as to stimulate poststroke angiogenesis. 53 According to the SYRCLE's tool, the overall assessment of the quality of animal studies included in the review was ranked as good, that is, low risk of bias in most domains; except for performance-and detection-blinding, where the risk of bias was observed in >50% of studies.…”