Lithic economy and territory of Epipaleolithic hunter–gatherers in the Middle Tagus: The case of Pena d'Água (Portugal)

Pereira, Telmo; Andrade, Catarina; Costa, Mafalda Barrocas Dias Teixeira da; Farias, Anne; Mirão, José; Carvalho, Arsélio P.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.081

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This preliminary work used macroscopic data and only considered the Upper Cenomanian flints occurring in the siliciclastic formations of the TSB, where archeological sites are located less than 5 km from such flint sources (Marks et al 1991). Recent petroarcheological studies have also included geochemical analyses (Pereira et al 2016;Shokler 2002).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Matías

2016

JLS

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Abstract:The cave site of Gruta da Oliveira is located in the Almonda karst system, at the interface between the Central Limestone Massif of Portuguese Estremadura (CLM) and the adjacent Sedimentary Basin of the River Tagus (TSB). The cave presents a stratification dated to ~37-107 ka containing hearth features, Neanderthal skeletal remains, as well as fauna, microfauna and wood charcoal remains. The lithic assemblages are large and feature a diverse range of raw materials.Knappable lithic raw materials in primary, sub-primary and secondary position in the CLM and the TSB were systematically surveyed and sampled. The characterization of the geological samples was carried out at both the macro-and the microscopic scales and data were systematized under the petroarcheological and "evolutionary chain of silica" approaches.The study of the lithic assemblage from layer 14 (dated to the ~61-93 ka 95.4% probability interval by TL) indicates that the Gruta da Oliveira Neanderthals used quartzite, quartz and flint from sources located less than 30 km away in both the CLM and the TSB.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Matías

2016

JLS

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“…To determine the minor and trace elements present, all samples were measured at 40 kV, 35 μA, with a 12 mil Al, 1 mil Ti, 6 mil Cu filter placed in the X‐ray path for a 240‐s live‐time count. The generated net areas of the fluorescence lines were then normalized to the total count of the spectra (T. Pereira et al, 2016; Roldán et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithic arrowheads: Siliceous raw material sources and technology in Southern Portugal

et al. 2021

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This analysis focused on one hundred and fifteen lithic arrowheads recovered from the Zambujeiro and Mitra 2 dolmens, funerary monuments in Évora, Portugal. These were analyzed by noninvasive and minimally invasive analytical techniques, including handheld X-ray fluorescence (hXRF), variable pressure scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (VP-SEM-EDS), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to establish the sources of the raw materials used to manufacture these arrowheads and to compare and cluster different artefacts. The raw materials used in the manufacture of the arrowheads were found to be from different sources suggesting that long-distance trade routes extending south, east and possibly west were in place in Southern Iberia during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. Whether this difference is related to the availability of raw materials throughout time, different procurement strategies, or simply by choice, remains unknown. The trade routes associated with the Mitra 2 Dolmen also seem to have a greater range than those connected to the Zambujeiro Dolmen.

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“…Likewise, results from the Pena d'Agua rock-shelter show important changes in the acquisition of raw material and technological features, which would be explained by modifications in mobility patterns from residential to logistic as an adaptive response to changing environments from 8.2 ka BP onwards [117]. Considering this hypothesis, these changes may have accelerated the confluence of human groups to settle in areas with stable and available resources, resulting in a (semi)sedentary pattern and social complexity [116][117][118]. However, there is no sign of the impact of the 8.2 ka BP event in the SW Atlantic Iberian margin in terms of settlement patterns.…”

Section: Human Groups In Dynamic Littoral Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Changes and Cultural Transitions in SW Iberia during the Early-Mid Holocene

et al. 2021

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The SW coast of the Iberian Peninsula experiences a lack of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data. With the aim to fill this gap, we contribute with a new palynological and geochemical dataset obtained from a sediment core drilled in the continental shelf of the Algarve coast. Archaeological data have been correlated with our multi-proxy dataset to understand how human groups adapted to environmental changes during the Early-Mid Holocene, with special focus on the Mesolithic to Neolithic transition. Vegetation trends indicate warm conditions at the onset of the Holocene followed by increased moisture and forest development ca. 10–7 ka BP, after which woodlands are progressively replaced by heaths. Peaks of aridity were identified at 8.2 and 7. 5 ka BP. Compositional, textural, redox state, and weathering of source area geochemical proxies indicates abrupt palaeoceanographic modifications and gradual terrestrial changes at 8.2 ka BP, while the 7.5 ka BP event mirrors a decrease in land moisture availability. Mesolithic sites are mainly composed of seasonal camps with direct access to the coast for the exploitation of local resources. This pattern extends into the Early Neolithic, when these sites coexist with seasonal and permanent occupations located in inland areas near rivers. Changes in settlement patterns and dietary habits may be influenced by changes in coastal environments caused by the sea-level rise and the impact of the 8.2 and 7.5 ka BP climate events.

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Lithic economy and territory of Epipaleolithic hunter–gatherers in the Middle Tagus: The case of Pena d'Água (Portugal)

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Lithic arrowheads: Siliceous raw material sources and technology in Southern Portugal

Environmental Changes and Cultural Transitions in SW Iberia during the Early-Mid Holocene

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