Lithiation of pure and methylated amorphous silicon: Monitoring by operando optical microscopy and ex situ atomic force microscopy

Feng, Yan; Ngo, Thuy-Doan-Trang; Panagopoulou, Marianthi; Cheriet, A.; Koo, Bon Min; Villeneuve, Catherine Henry de; Rosso, Michel; Ozanam, F.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.016

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Amorphous silicon has also been found experiencing a color evolution during lithiation/delithiation cycle. [ 122 ] Different from graphite, the color evolution depends on electrode thickness and compositions within the system. Cathode materials, such as lithium iron phosphate with lower conductivity, are difficult to be observed because of the high light absorption of the carbon additives that are used to improve the conductivity of electrodes.…”

Section: Optical Microscopy Studies Of Lithium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing is Believing: In Situ/Operando Optical Microscopy for Probing Electrochemical Energy Systems

Chen

Zhang

Xuan

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Understanding the mechanisms and fundamentals inside the EESs are critical to improve their performances by boosting the favorable processes and suppressing the detrimental ones. Various ex situ techniques have been used for studying EESs, which provide valuable spatial and temporal information. [6-8] Nevertheless, ex situ methods are limited by the time delay and potential impacts during the operation of removing samples from their initial environments to characterization locations. [9] The results might sometimes be missing or even misleading. This elicits the requirement for in situ/operando methods to conduct real-time observations on reactions and processes inside a system. In situ analytical techniques can provide more realistic information on the ongoing chemical and physical processes in an electrochemical cell. [10] Furthermore, correlating in situ information with electrochemical results obtained synchronously from the same device enables to build a direct cause-and-effect relationship, leading to authentic conclusions. [11] Remarkable progress has been made with advanced characterization techniques including optical, [12] X-ray, [13] electron microscopy, [14] neutron techniques. [15] The techniques work on very different principles. Optical microscopy is based on transmitting light to construct images for the samples. It has a wide effective characterization scales from centimeter to lower than micrometer. X-ray characterization techniques utilize electromagnetic radiation to magnify the samples. X-ray methods, including diffraction, absorption spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray microscopy, provide crucial information from mesoscale morphology to microscale crystal structure and elemental content of electrode materials. [16] Electron micro scopy probes the samples with electron beams. [17] The techniques based on neutron are quite similar as electron, and neutrons are preferable for analyses of light elements such as lithium ion (Li +). Also, Neutrons can go in more penetration depth with a weaker interaction with matter. [18] With the employment of these techniques, the knowledge of mechanisms of EESs has been significantly enhanced. On the other hand, in situ/operando experiments are restricted under certain circumstances, as they generally require special designs and modifications of the unit structures. Compared with other techniques, optical microscopy is preferable for in situ/operando studies considering the basic equipment needed, nonvacuum manipulation, easy access and operation, as well as its nondestructive nature. [19] However, inspections based on optical microscopy require access within the systems for transmitting light. This review discusses a range of in situ/operando techniques based on optical microscopy reported in literatures for studying electrochemical energy systems. Compared to other techniques (scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy), optical microscopy offers many advantages including the simplicity of the instrument and operation, co...

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Section: Optical Microscopy Studies Of Lithium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing is Believing: In Situ/Operando Optical Microscopy for Probing Electrochemical Energy Systems

Chen

Zhang

Xuan

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…For example, images from the video sequence recorded during the first lithiation−delithiation cycle for a pure amorphous silicon thin layer (a-Si/H) 100 nm thick sample are shown in Figure 3b−g. 31 The images show a continuous and almost spatially uniform color change of the sample at the early stages of the lithiation (Figure 3b,c), which remains almost constant until the end of the lithiation (Figure 3d,e). The color then remains constant over a long period of time upon delithiation (Figure 3d,e) and rapidly changes just before the end of delithiation (Figure 3g).…”

Section: In Situ/operando Characterizations Of Si Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the Surface/Interface Morphologies Evolution of Silicon Anodes Using in Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Si-based rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have generated interest as silicon has remarkably high theoretical specific capacity. It is projected that LIBs will meet the increasing need for extensive energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics with high energy densities. However, the Si-based LIB has a substantial problem due to the volume cycle variations brought on by Si, which result in severe capacity loss. Making Si-based anodesenabled high-performance LIBs that are easy to utilize requires an understanding of the fading mechanism. Due to its distinct advantage in morphological changes from microscale to nanoscale, even approaching atomic resolution, electron microscopy is one of the most popular methods. Based on operando electron microscopy characterization, the general comprehension of the fading mechanism and the morphology evolution of Si-based LIBs are debated in this review. The current advancements in compositional and structural interpretation for Si-based LIBs using advanced electron microscopy characterization methods are outlined. The future development trends in pertinent silicon materials characterization methods are also highlighted, along with numerous potential research avenues for Si-based LIBs design and characterization.

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“…The lithiation starts at a limited number of locations then expands radially, forming circular lithiation spots because of the high resistivity of methylated silicon and the existence of low-resistance point defects. 160 The optical microscopy can also measure other NIBAMs. The isotropic expansion as a function of lithium content of an amorphous particle can be measured with confidence through in situ observations of a single particle of active material in plain view, which agrees with the value as measured by in situ AFM.…”

Section: Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical methods and their hyphenated techniques for novel ion battery anode research

Zhao

Giner‐Casares²,

Luque

et al. 2020

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Lithiation of pure and methylated amorphous silicon: Monitoring by operando optical microscopy and ex situ atomic force microscopy

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Seeing is Believing: In Situ/Operando Optical Microscopy for Probing Electrochemical Energy Systems

Seeing is Believing: In Situ/Operando Optical Microscopy for Probing Electrochemical Energy Systems

Imaging the Surface/Interface Morphologies Evolution of Silicon Anodes Using in Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Electroanalytical methods and their hyphenated techniques for novel ion battery anode research

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