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BackgroundAntibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occupies a major position for chronic rejection after kidney transplantation. Regulatory B cell (Breg) has been reported to have an inhibitory immune function, which contributes to the resistance for AMR.MethodsA nested case–control study for nine healthy donors, 25 stable (ST) patients, and 18 AMR patients was performed to determine the type of Breg in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing AMR.ResultsCompared to the ST group, circulating interleukin (IL)-10+ Bregs, but not Bregs, significantly decreased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that rather than the circulating Bregs, decreased circulating IL-10+ Breg levels were positively associated with AMR. However, kidney B cell and IL-10 infiltration was significantly increased in the AMR group with high expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13). In addition, circulating IL-10+ Bregs, rather than Bregs, remained higher than those at pre-operation, during the 90-day post-operation in immune homeostasis.ConclusionThe circulating IL-10+ Breg levels are more appropriate measures for assessing the resistance of AMR after kidney transplantation.

A novel and facile strategy for fabricating red phosphorus@nitrogen doped graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel (P@NGCA) is proposed as free-standing anode for high energy sodium-ion batteries. Owing to an optimized structure of...

Considered the promising anode material for next‐generation high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries, SiOx has been slow to commercialize due to its low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which leads to reduced full‐cell energy density, short cycling lives, and poor rate performance. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to in situ construct an artificial hybrid SEI layer consisting of LiF and Li3Sb on a prelithiated SiOx anode via spontaneous chemical reaction with SbF3. In addition to the increasing ICE (94.5%), the preformed artificial SEI layer with long‐term cycle stability and enhanced Li+ transport capability enables a remarkable improvement in capacity retention and rate capability for modified SiOx. Furthermore, the full cell using Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 and a pre‐treated anode exhibits high ICE (86.0%) and capacity retention (86.6%) after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This study provides a fresh insight into how to obtain stable interface on a prelithiated SiOx anode for high energy and long lifespan lithium‐ion batteries.

Diabetic foot is a common and severe chronic diabetic complication and has become a public health issue, 1 with the global prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) being 6.3%. 2 Around 25% of patients with diabetes develop a foot ulcer in their lifetime, 3 and compared to nondiabetic patients, those with DFU have higher amputation rates and increased mortality. 4 Peripheral arterial disease, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, deformity, previous amputation, and infection are the main factors contributing to the development of DFU. 5 Hence, early identification of risk factors for the diabetic foot is especially important for its prevention and treatment.

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Si-based rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have generated interest as silicon has remarkably high theoretical specific capacity. It is projected that LIBs will meet the increasing need for extensive energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics with high energy densities. However, the Si-based LIB has a substantial problem due to the volume cycle variations brought on by Si, which result in severe capacity loss. Making Si-based anodesenabled high-performance LIBs that are easy to utilize requires an understanding of the fading mechanism. Due to its distinct advantage in morphological changes from microscale to nanoscale, even approaching atomic resolution, electron microscopy is one of the most popular methods. Based on operando electron microscopy characterization, the general comprehension of the fading mechanism and the morphology evolution of Si-based LIBs are debated in this review. The current advancements in compositional and structural interpretation for Si-based LIBs using advanced electron microscopy characterization methods are outlined. The future development trends in pertinent silicon materials characterization methods are also highlighted, along with numerous potential research avenues for Si-based LIBs design and characterization.

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