Literature Review: The Effectiveness of Classic Music Therapy Towards Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenia Patient [Kajian Literatur: Efektivitas Terapi Musik Klasik Terhadap Halusinasi Pendengaran Pada Pasien Skizofernia]

Abstract

<p>Auditory hallucinations are among the most common sensory perception disorder in schizophrenia patient. Patients with auditory hallucinations are often seen talking to themselves and even doing something dangerous. Music therapy is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that have the ability to improve, restore, and maintain physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual health. This literature is intended to give a deeper article on the effectiveness of classical music therapy on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients. The database that I used to obtain information is EBSCO, National Library, ProQuest and Google scholars, according to the inclusion criteria, namely the main source, articles published in 2012- 2016, English and Indonesian articles, experimental research articles and randomized controlled trials and full text in free pdf format. The result that I’ve got based on five articles that have been reviewed is classical music therapy can reduce the intensity of auditory hallucinations, provide comfort and helping patients feel calm. Giving classical music therapy to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia is effective in reducing the intensity of auditory hallucinations, the patient feels comfortable and becomes calm. Suggestions for future researchers, conduct research on the type, frequency and duration of classical music therapy that is effective and can be used for patients with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Halusinasi pendengaran merupakan gangguan persepsi sensori yang paling sering dialami pasien dengan skizofrenia. Pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran sering terlihat bercakap-cakap sendiri, dan bahkan melakukan sesuatu yang membahayakan. Terapi musik merupakan salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang memiliki kekuatan untuk meningkatkan, memulihkan, dan memelihara kesehatan fisik, mental, emosional, sosial dan spiritual. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menggali artikel tentang efektivitas terapi musik klasik terhadap halusinasi pendengaran pada pasien skizofrenia. Database yang gunakan untuk mendapatkan sumber informasi adalah EBSCO, Perpusnas, ProQuest dan Google scholar, sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu <em>primary source</em>, artikel diterbitkan tahun 2012-2016, artikel bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, artikel penelitian kuantitatif yang evidence based practice dengan menggunakan metode penelitian experiment dan <em>randomized controlled trial</em> dan <em>full text</em> berbentuk pdf dan tidak berbayar. Hasil yang ditemukan berdasarkan kelima artikel yang telah ditelaah bahwa terapi musik klasik dapat menurunkan intensitas halusinasi pendengaran, memberi rasa nyaman dan menjadikan pasien tenang. Pemberian terapi musik klasik terhadap halusinasi pendengaran pada skizofrenia efektif untuk menurunkan intensitas halusinasi pendengaran, pasien merasa nyaman dan menjadi tenang. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya, melakukan penelitian mengenai jenis, frekuensi dan durasi terapi musik klasik yang efektif serta dapat digunakan untuk pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran pada pasien skizofrenia.</p>

Effectiveness of Classical Music Therapy on Decreasing the Level of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia Patients: A Literature Review

“…Schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations will experience discomfort caused by the sounds they hear, so patients will withdraw from the environment and people around them [19]. Therefore, giving classical music therapy in different places, such as in a quiet and bright room, will make the patient feel comfortable and able to interact with other people so that from these activities, the patient becomes active and can divert auditory hallucinations [11,20,21] The use of classical music as a non-pharmacological therapy is also able to increase the brain's information processing capacity.…”

“…Patients usually listen to sounds that call them or tell them to do something, so patients who experience auditory hallucinations are often angry, screaming, scared, confused, looking restless, and uneasy [2,5]. Classical music therapy is a relaxation technique and is appropriate for schizophrenia patients who experience auditory hallucinations and can feel calm, decrease aggressive symptoms, control emotions and spiritual development, and help heal psychological disorders [10,18,19]. Music therapy has a calming effect on the patient [19].…”

“…Classical music therapy is a relaxation technique and is appropriate for schizophrenia patients who experience auditory hallucinations and can feel calm, decrease aggressive symptoms, control emotions and spiritual development, and help heal psychological disorders [10,18,19]. Music therapy has a calming effect on the patient [19]. This is by the explanation of Djohan, which explains that the ability of the nerves to capture acoustic products, which the body then responds to by transmitting music waves to the limbic system, and limbic and autonomic nerves create a relaxed, safe, and pleasant atmosphere which can stimulate the release of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA), enkephalin or beta-endorphins which can eliminate the neurotransmitters of stress and anxiety which are replaced with a sense of calm and improve mood [22].…”

Types of Digital Mindfulness: Improving Mental Health Among College Students – A Scoping Review

“… 4 In Indonesia, it was found that 47.7% of university students experienced mild to severe depression and 27.4% experienced anxiety. 5 …”

Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. I Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran: Studi Kasus

“…Halusinasi pendengaran merupakan gangguan persepsi sensori yang paling sering dialami pasien dengan skizofrenia. Pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran sering terlihat bercakap-cakap sendiri, dan bahkan melakukan sesuatu yang membahayakan (Barus & Siregar, 2020). Halusinasi pendengaran adalah mendengar suara atau kebisingan yang kurang jelas ataupun yang jelas, dimana terkadang suara-suara tersebut seperti mengajak bicara klien dan kadang memerintah klien untuk melakukan sesuatu.…”