Literature review- Primary splenic hydatidosis

Abstract

Cystic lesions in Spleen are common, but a hydatid cyst is uncommon. No doubt, the occurrence of hydatid disease has decreased due to handwashing after contact with canine species, vigorous washing & cooking of vegetables before eating, and stoppage feeding the slaughtered animal's guts to dogs. Its incidence at unusual sites is about 8-10%. These uncommon sites are Spleen, psoas muscle, pelvic cavity, peritoneum, mesentery, brain, kidneys, bones, muscles and soft tissues. Primary extrahepatic hydatid cysts are uncommon, and primary splenic hydatid cyst (SHC) is even more so. Hydatid disease of the Spleen is known since 1790 as endorsed by Berlot and is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Materials and Methods: Discussed below is a literature review focusing on the epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and follow up modalities of splenic-hydatidosis. Results: Our literature review examines dissimilar articles published on this topic and sum up the data obtained. Conclusion:The incidence of splenic involvement by hydatid cysts in relation to the rest of the abdominal viscera is very low and is about 0.5 to 4% of all cases of hydatidosis. Man is an accidental intermediate and end-stage host in its life cycle. Splenectomy (open and laparoscopic) was the gold standard treatment for splenic hydatidosis as medical therapy seems ineffective. However, the last two decades have shown a leaning towards splenic conservative surgery in suitable cases to reduce opportunistic post-splenectomy infection (OPSI).

An Uncommon Primary Splenic Hydatid Cyst in Human: A Case Report Study

“…Even in areas where the disease is endemic, spleen cysts account for less than 3% of cases (5) . Rarely, after the parasite has passed the hepatic and pulmonary filters, does a primary infection take place, and it typically does so via the arterial pathway (6) . Due to the release of the extremely allergic hydatid fluid, any spontaneous or violent rupture could result in a lifethreatening anaphylactic shock (7) .…”