Listwise directed forgetting is present in young-old adults, but is absent in old-old adults.

Aslan, Alp; Bäuml, Karl‐Heinz T.

doi:10.1037/a0031295

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The classical finding in list‐method directed forgetting experiments is that forget‐cued subjects recall more list 2 items (list 2 enhancement) and fewer list 1 items (list 1 forgetting) compared with remember‐cued subjects (see Bäuml et al, ). However, forget‐cued older subjects show a decline in list 1 forgetting but maintain the expected list 2 enhancement (Aslan et al, ; present study). Because the study by Aslan and colleagues does not differentiate between elder women and men, the reduction in list 1 forgetting reported in the present study is presumably not due to sex but to aging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm

Kerschbaum

Hofbauer

Gföllner

et al. 2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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During the course of serious discussion, an unexpected interruption may induce forgetting of the original topic of a conversation. Sex, age, and sex hormone levels may affect frequency and extension of forgetting. In a listmethod directed forgetting paradigm, subjects have to learn two word lists. After learning list 1, subjects receive either a forget or a remember list 1 cue. When the participants had learned list 2 and completed a distraction task, they were asked to write down as many recalled items as possible, starting either with list 1 or list 2 items. In the present study, 96 naturally cycling women, 60 oral contraceptive users, 56 postmenopausal women, and 41 young men were assigned to one of these different experimental conditions. Forget-cued young subjects recall fewer list 1 items (list 1 forgetting) but more list 2 items (list 2 enhancement) compared with remember-cued subjects. However, forget-cued postmenopausal women showed reduced list 1 forgetting but enhanced list 2 retention. Remember-cued naturally cycling women recalled more list 1 items than oral contraceptive users, young men, and postmenopausal women. In forget-cued follicular women, salivary progesterone correlated positively with recalled list 2 items. Salivary 17b-estradiol did not correlate with recalled list 1 or list 2 items in either remember-or forget-cued young women. However, salivary 17b-estradiol correlated with item recall in remember-cued postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that sex hormones do not globally modulate verbal memory or forgetting, but selectively affect cuespecific processing. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm

Kerschbaum

Hofbauer

Gföllner

et al. 2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…4 In addition, with regard to older adults, future research may examine whether the forward effect generalizes from young-old adults (around 70 years of age) to old-old adults (around 85 years of age). On the basis of the finding that old-olds show efficient PI reduction in the LMDF task (Aslan & Bäuml, 2013), one may expect such generalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical finding is that the forget cue impairs recall of the first list but enhances recall of the second list, with the enhancement being attributed to PI reduction (for reviews, see Pastötter, Tempel, & Bäuml, 2017;Sahakyan, Delaney, Foster, & Abushanab, 2013). Importantly, the enhancement effect in LMDF has been found to be equally present in younger and older adults (Aslan & Bäuml, 2013;Zellner & Bäuml, 2006), indicating efficient PI reduction in older adults in this experimental task. Critically, if older adults' ability to reduce PI was not restricted to the LMDF task but generalized to other multi-list learning tasks, then the forward effect of testing may not decrease with age but be similar in size from middle adulthood to older age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the LMDF task, in which participants are cued to forget a first list and remember a second list instead, the forget cue impairs memory for the first list and enhances memory for the second list. Developmental studies have shown that the enhancement effect in LMDF is about equally present in young adults (about 20 years of age), young-old adults (about 70 years of age), and old-old adults (about 85 years of age;Aslan & Bäuml, 2013;Zellner &…”

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confidence: 99%

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Testing enhances subsequent learning in older adults.

Pastötter

Bäuml

2019

Psychology and Aging

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Interference susceptibility has been suggested to be a major factor for episodic memory impairment in healthy older adults. Previous work has shown that retrieval practice can reduce proactive interference and thus enhance learning and memory in younger adults, a finding referred to as the forward effect of testing in the literature. This study examined the late developmental trajectory of the forward effect in middle-aged and older adults (40 to 79 years of age). Participants studied three lists of items in anticipation of a final cumulative recall test. In the testing condition, participants were tested immediately on lists 1 and 2 after initial study, whereas in the restudy condition, they restudied lists 1 and 2. In both conditions, participants were tested immediately on list 3. The results of the immediate list 3 recall test showed a reliable forward effect of testing, with interim testing of lists 1 and 2 enhancing list 3 recall and reducing the number of prior-list intrusions. Importantly, this effect of testing was found independent of participants' age. These results suggest that retrieval practice can reduce proactive interference in middle-aged and older adults. Together with recent findings on the presence of the backward effect of testing in older adultsthat is, improved recall of studied material after retrieval versus restudy-, these findings indicate that retrieval practice can be a very powerful tool to delimit memory impairment in older age.

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“…Evidence consistent with an age-related inhibitory deficit in episodic memory comes from a range of paradigms including list-method directed forgetting (e.g., Aslan & Bäuml, 2013;Titz & Verhaegen, 2010;Zellner & Bäuml, 2006), and Think/No-Think tasks (e.g., Anderson, Reinholz, Kuhl & Mayr, 2011) -both of which provide participants with explicit instructions to forget or suppress a sub-set of previously learned material. This act of inhibition conveys benefits for one's ability to retrieve other related material; that is, the greater one's ability to inhibit interfering information, the greater one's ability to retrieve target material on demand because of the consequent reduction in interference.…”

Section: Episodic Memory and Age-related Deficits In Inhibitory Effecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic Memory and Age-Related Deficits in Inhibitory Effectiveness

Macleod

Saunders²

2017

Experimental Aging Research

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The findings suggest that inhibitory functioning remains intact in older adults under the age of 70 years. However, a misleading impression can be formed of inhibitory effectiveness in adults over the age of 70 when memory tests do not exclude the use of noninhibitory processes, such as output interference. These two issues may partly explain the previous inconclusive findings regarding inhibitory deficits in normal aging.

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Listwise directed forgetting is present in young-old adults, but is absent in old-old adults.

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm

Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm

Testing enhances subsequent learning in older adults.

Episodic Memory and Age-Related Deficits in Inhibitory Effectiveness

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