“…We tackled this issue with the bacterial model L. monocytogenes as this food-borne pathogen is ubiquitous in nature. It has been isolated from water systems (De Luca et al, 1998 ; Paillard et al, 2005 ; Lyautey et al, 2007 ), vegetation (Welshimer, 1968 ; Beuchat, 1996 ), farms (Nightingale et al, 2004 ; Fox et al, 2009 ; Latorre et al, 2010 ; Strawn et al, 2013 ), food industries (Goulet et al, 1998 ; Garrido et al, 2009 ; Serio et al, 2011 ), and feces of animals (Fenlon, 1985 ; Iida et al, 1991 ). It is also found in soil (Welshimer, 1960 ; Weis and Seeliger, 1975 ; Locatelli et al, 2013a ; Vivant et al, 2013a ).…”