Liquidus Temperatures of Cryolite Melts With Low Cryolite Ratio

Аписаров, А. П.; Dedyukhin, Alexander; Nikolaeva, Elena V.; Tin’ghaev, P.; Tkacheva, Olga; Redkin, Alexander; Zaikov, Yu. P.

doi:10.1007/s11663-010-9462-5

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Potassium cryolite (K3AlF6) is one of the few compounds which can fulfil these requirements as well as providing a much wider range of low-temperature liquid composition than electrolytes based on sodium cryolite [86]. Potassium cryolite has shown a potential for lower electrolyte temperatures [88] and energy savings in aluminium production [89]. However, the K3AlF6-based electrolytes have shown a low electrical conductivity, which might be compensated for by adding lithium fluoride [86,89] and sodium fluoride [86].…”

Section: Lower Temperature Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

Haraldsson

Johansson

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The aluminium industry is facing a challenge in meeting the goal of halved greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, while the demand for aluminium is estimated to increase 2-3 times by the same year. Energy efficiency will play an important part in achieving the goal. The paper's aim was to investigate possible production-related energy efficiency measures in the aluminium industry. Mining of bauxite and production of alumina from bauxite are not included in the study. In total, 52 measures were identified through a literature review. Electrolysis in primary aluminium production, recycling and general measures constituted the majority of the 52 measures. This can be explained by the high energy intensity of electrolysis, the relatively wide applicability of the general measures and the fact that all aluminium passes through either electrolysis or recycling. Electrolysis shows a higher number of emerging/novel measures compared to the other processes, which can also be explained by its high energy intensity. Processing aluminium with extrusion, rolling, casting (shape-casting and casting of ingots, slabs and billets), heat treatment and anodising will also benefit from energy efficiency. However, these processes showed relatively fewer measures, which might be explained by the fact that to some extent, these processes are not as energy demanding compared, for example, to electrolysis. In many cases, the presented measures can be combined, which implies that the best practice should be to combine the measures. There may also be a future prospect of achieving carbon-neutral and coal-independent electrolysis. Secondary aluminium production will be increasingly important for meeting the increasing demand for aluminium with respect to environmental and economic concerns and strengthened competitiveness. Focusing on increased production capacity, recovery yields and energy efficiency in secondary production will be pivotal. Further research and development will be required for those measures designated as novel or emerging.

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Section: Lower Temperature Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If successful, the K3AlF6-based electrolytes can lower the electrolysis temperature to 700-750 °C and thus provide energy savings [90]. A combination of sodium and potassium electrolytes can also be used [88,91]. However, the electrolysis temperature used for this combination may be around 800-850 °C [91].…”

Section: Lower Temperature Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of measures for improved energy efficiency in production-related processes in the aluminium industry – From electrolysis to recycling

Haraldsson

Johansson

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…800°C. The alumina solubility and the liquidus temperature have been reported elsewhere [12,13]. The temperature was monitored during the experiments using a Pt-PtRh thermocouple in a sintered alumina sleeve immersed in the electrolyte.…”

Section: Chemicals and Bath Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the oxidation rate of metallic inert anodes by measuring the oxygen evolved in low-temperature aluminium electrolysis

et al. 2011

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The rate of oxygen evolution on metallic inert anodes was measured as a function of current density during electrolysis of a low-melting NaF(12)-KF-AlF 3 bath ([NaF ? KF]/[AlF 3 ] = 1.5 mol mol -1 ) at 800°C. The oxidation rate of the anode substrate (A cm -2 ) was calculated. The anode oxidation process was depressed at the potentials of oxygen evolution. The dynamics of the decrease in the oxidation rate, which were obtained in previous study by the change in geometrical size of the metallic part of the specimen, was reproduced both by the technique proposed and also in potentiostatic electrolysis at potentials below that of oxygen evolution, in some cases, depending on prepolarisation.

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“…For instance, the KF-AlF 3 with CR=1.3 has the liquidus temperature of 627 °C [2]. An undeniable advantage of the molten potassium cryolite with CR<1.7 is a good alumina solubility within a temperature range of 700-800 °C [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%