Liquid versus solid energy intake in relation to body composition among Australian children

Zheng, Miaobing; Allman‐Farinelli, Margaret; Heitmann, Berit Lilienthal; Toelle, Brett G.; Marks, Guy B.; Cowell, Chris; Rangan, Anna

doi:10.1111/jhn.12223

Cited by 32 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An interesting finding of this study was that the symptom of anxiety was significantly lower in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group during the washout period. This symptom has been associated with decreased levels of serotonin (64, 65), and since we observed differences in the symptom score in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group, we speculate that the modulation of IDO activity by the probiotic may have channeled the tryptophan concentrations toward the production of serotonin. However, the serotonin levels were highly variable, and no statistical differences were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

et al. 2017

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Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 mitigates the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in biobreeding diabetes-prone rats, in part, through changes in kynurenine:tryptophan (K:T) ratios. The goal of this pilot study was to determine the safety, tolerance, and general immunological response of L. johnsonii N6.2 in healthy subjects. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 42 healthy individuals with no known risk factors for T1D was undertaken to evaluate subject responses to the consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2. Participants received 1 capsule/day containing 108 colony-forming units of L. johnsonii N6.2 or placebo for 8 weeks. Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), leukocyte subpopulations by complete blood count (CBC) and flow cytometry, serum cytokines, and relevant metabolites in the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase pathway were assessed. L. johnsonii N6.2 survival and intestinal microbiota was analyzed. Daily and weekly questionnaires were assessed for potential effects of probiotic treatment on general wellness. The administration of L. johnsonii N6.2 did not modify the CMP or CBC of participants suggesting general safety. In fact, L. johnsonii N6.2 administration significantly decreased the occurrence of abdominal pain, indigestion, and cephalic syndromes. As predicted, increased serum tryptophan levels increased resulting in a decreased K:T ratio was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Interestingly, immunophenotyping assays revealed that monocytes and natural killer cell numbers were increased significantly after washout (12 weeks). Moreover, an increase of circulating effector Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196−) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells subset was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2 is well tolerated in adult control subjects, demonstrates systemic impacts on innate and adaptive immune populations, and results in a decreased K:T ratio. These data provide support for the safety and feasibility of using L. johnsonii N6.2 in prevention trials in subjects at risk for T1D.Trial registration: This trial was registered at as NCT02349360.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

et al. 2017

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“…In 2 studies under-reporters were included in the analysis but with adjustment for underreporting, and in 4 studies under-reporters were excluded. Five studies used BMI as body weight outcome [20,21,22,23,24], 5 BMI Z-score [25,26,27,28,29], 3 body fat [30,31,32], 3 waist circumference [33,34,35], and 1 weight-for-height z-score [36] (table 1). Almost all (94%) of the articles showed a positive association between SSB intake and body weight measures, meaning that a higher SSB consumption lead to a higher degree of adiposity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review from 2013 to 2015 and a Comparison with Previous Studies

Luger¹,

et al. 2017

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Objective: Partly inconsistent findings from previous reviews have fueled discussions on the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on obesity development. The aim was to systematically review the recent evidence in children and adults. Methods: Data were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library for the period January 2013 to October 2015. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relating SSBs to weight measures was conducted. Results: 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. Prospective cohort studies (96%; n = 26) showed a positive association between consumption of SSBs and weight/BMI in adults and children (n = 242,352), and only one cohort study in children showed no association. Findings from three RCTs in children demonstrated that SSB consumption had an effect on BMI/BMI z-score. The one RCT in adults showed no significant effect of the intervention. 63% of the studies were of good, 30% of medium quality, and none was funded by industry. Conclusion: Recent evidence suggests that SSB consumption is positively associated with or has an effect on obesity indices in children and adults. By combining the already published evidence with the new one, we conclude that public health policies should aim to reduce the consumption of SSBs and encourage healthy alternatives such as water.

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“…One explanation may be the comparably rapid ingestion rate of liquid, which leads to a weaker physiological sensory response than for solid food (35) . Hence, consumption of discretionary beverages results in lower satiety than consumption of foods (36)(37)(38)(39) , leading to overconsumption (35) and substantial increases in energy intake (11,40,41) . Higher fruit and vegetable intakes were independently associated with lower discretionary food/beverage consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies have demonstrated that energy consumed in both liquid and solid form independently increases the risk of obesity (10)(11)(12) . Additionally, studies have shown that energy consumed in liquid form is more obesogenic than when consumed in solid form (11,13,14) . Excessive consumption of discretionary foods/ beverages in the Australian population has been identified in national dietary surveys undertaken since 1995, comprising 40 % of daily energy intake in 1995 (15) , 41 % in children in 2007 (16) and 35 % in 2011/12 (5) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults

Sui¹,

Wong²,

Louie³

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Excessive consumption of discretionary foods/beverages in the Australian population has been identified, increasing the risk of obesity and chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the associations between demographic, anthropometric and dietary factors and the consumption of discretionary foods, discretionary beverages and discretionary foods/beverages combined. Design: Discretionary food/beverage consumption reported in two 24 h recalls was analysed, stratified by gender, age, socio-economic status, country of birth, BMI, waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable intakes. Setting: 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Subjects: Australian adults (n 7873) aged 19 years or above. Results: Mean discretionary food and beverage consumption was 631 g (28 % by weight from foods; 72 % from beverages), providing 2721 kJ of energy intake (72 % from foods; 28 % from beverages). Total discretionary food/beverage consumption was higher in younger age groups (P < 0·001), those in lower socio-economic categories (P < 0·001), those born in Australia (P < 0·001), those with higher BMI (P < 0·001) and those with lower fruit (P < 0·001) or vegetable intake (P < 0·001). Discretionary beverage consumption (β = 6·6, P < 0·001) was more strongly associated with BMI than discretionary food consumption (β = 0·5, P = 0·01). Conclusions: Total discretionary food/beverage consumption as well as discretionary foods alone and discretionary beverages alone were associated with BMI in Australian adults. In addition, high intakes were associated with younger age, lower socio-economic status, and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables.

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Liquid versus solid energy intake in relation to body composition among Australian children

Abstract: Our findings indicate that liquid energy is more obesogenic than solid energy. In particular, SSB, but not other beverage types, are a significant predictor of childhood adiposity and replacing SSB with water can have long-term beneficial effects on childhood adiposity.

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review from 2013 to 2015 and a Comparison with Previous Studies

Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults

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