Liquid Phase Microextraction Techniques as a Sample Preparation Step for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food

Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis

“…Due to their continual supply, pesticides have become persistent in the environment, causing adverse effects to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various national governmental institutions have established residue limits and published guidelines and policies for quantification of pesticide residues in different kinds of waters, including environmental, drinking and irrigation waters [16].…”

“…A number of reviews on DLLME have been published [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Few of these reviews were focused on analysis of pesticides in complex matrices by DLLME [6,15,16,18]. Hence, an independent comprehensive study on pesticides was very much needed.…”

Recent achievements and applications of solid – phase microextraction in pesticide residues analysis in food

“…SPE may be faster than LLE, but in the elution step, SPE column still requires to be washed by organic solvents, and the presence of particulate matter in food samples or biological samples easily results in plugging of the cartridges . Recent trends in the sample preparation have focused on miniaturization, automation, high throughput performance, on-line coupling with analytical instruments and low-cost operations through extremely low or no solvent consumption in order to minimize the environmental effect (Moliner-Mratinez et al, 2009;Andraščíková et al, 2015). A number of sample preparation methods have been developed for the isolation and enrichment of analytes from different samples.…”

“…A number of sample preparation methods have been developed for the isolation and enrichment of analytes from different samples. In recent years, many applications in the field of pesticide residues analysis have been performed using liquid phase microextraction (LPME) such as single drop microextraction (SDME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) (Andraščíková et al, 2015). As an alternative, SPME has important advantages because it is a simple and rapid technique which minimizes the sample handling (Ruiz del Castillo et al, 2012).…”

A Review on Microextraction Techniques for Selected Triazole Fungicides Determination in Water and Food Samples

“…There are several classifications for liquid microextraction techniques [35,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] and many of those procedures are included in Table 2 [43-65]. Liquid microextraction techniques started with the Single drop microextraction (SDME).…”