Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis

Ahmad, Waqas; Al-Sibaai, A.A.; Bashammakh, Abdulaziz S.; Alwael, H.; El-Shahawi, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.022

Cited by 153 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Basically, the droplet is placed directly in the sample or in its headspace and later the droplet is collected with a variety of techniques. Liquid phase microextraction is gaining acceptance in pesticide residue analysis because its different protocols can be adjusted to different aims [30]. LPME is also based on equilibrium between the donor and acceptor phase.…”

Section: Analytical Microextraction Procedures For Triazole Determinamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Microextraction Techniques for Selected Triazole Fungicides Determination in Water and Food Samples

Bordagaray¹,

Millán²,

García-Arrona³

2016

J Food Chem Nanotechnol

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Section: Analytical Microextraction Procedures For Triazole Determinamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Microextraction Techniques for Selected Triazole Fungicides Determination in Water and Food Samples

Bordagaray¹,

Millán²,

García-Arrona³

2016

J Food Chem Nanotechnol

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“…Some of the reviews were found to summarise various strategies for improving dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction [13,14] and application with different analytical instruments [15,16]. Notwithstanding such reviews, none of the reviews meticulously discussed the different types of extraction solvents used in DLLME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

MJAS

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a novel sample preparation technique that has higher level of extraction efficiency by means of relying on microvolumes of solvents. It has gained considerable attention from researchers owing to several advantages such as its simplicity, shorter extraction time, lower cost and higher enrichment factor. In conventional DLLME, chlorinated solvents are widely used as the extraction solvents. Notwithstanding, most of these solvents are reportedly toxic and environmentally-unfriendly. Many related studies in recent years have focused on the use of nontoxic or low toxic extraction solvents and better practical procedures, which have helped improve the extraction efficiency. The aim of this review is to discuss the development of low toxic extraction solvent used recently in the DLLME. The possible improvement of extraction solvent from the green analytical chemistry perspectives is also discussed.Keywords: extraction solvents, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, green analytical chemistry Abstrak Pengekstrakan mikro cecair-cecair serakan (DLLME) merupakan teknik penyediaan sampel novel yang mempunyai lebih tinggi kecekapan pengekstrakan dengan menggunakan mikroliter pelarut. Teknik ini telah mendapat perhatian daripada penyelidik kerana beberapa kelebihan seperti ringkas, masa pengekstrakan yang lebih pendek, kos yang lebih rendah dan faktor pengayaan yang lebih tinggi. Dalam DLLME konvensional, pelarut berklorin digunakan secara meluas sebagai pelarut pengekstrakan. Namun, kebanyakan pelarut ini dilaporkan toksik dan tidak mesra alam. Dalam tahun kebelakangan ini, banyak kajian yang berkaitan telah fokus kepada penggunaan pelarut pengekstrakan yang tidak bertoksik atau rendah toksik dan praktikal prosedur yang lebih baik telah meningkatkan kecekapan pengekstrakan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan pelarut pengekstrakan rendah toksik yang digunakan dalam DLLME terkini. Penambahbaikan pelarut pengekstrakan dari perspektif kimia analisis hijau juga dibincangkan.Kata kunci: pelarut pengekstrakan, pengekstrakan mikro cecair-cecair serakan, kimia analitik hijau

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“…Additionally, another solvent with higher density than water (an auxiliary solvent) can be added to adjust the density of the extraction solvent. Thus, through centrifugation, the extraction phase collects on the bottom of the conical vial [27,35]. The use of an auxiliary solvent requires an additional step in the sample preparation procedure, which can be a source of an additional problems and errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, new alternatives are needed. To increase the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the aqueous solution, resulting in shorter equilibration time and enhancement the extraction efficiency, vortex agitation has been used [35]. For more complex matrices, such as honey, vegetable or soil samples, a two-step microextraction was proposed [49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them ensure higher enrichment factor, resulting in enhancement of the method sensitivity. Based on literature data, it can be concluded that halogenated extraction solvents, despite their drawbacks, are still the ones most frequently used for the extraction of various analytes [2,17,22,23,25,26,[35][36][37][38][39]. DLLME has become a powerful tool for sample pretreatment due to its simplicity, rapidity (about 4-6 min), effectiveness and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Tankiewicz

Biziuk

2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A simple and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique (DLLME) was developed by using a mixture of two solvents: 40 μL of tetrachlorethylene (extraction solvent) and 1.0 mL of methanol (disperser solvent), which was rapidly injected with a syringe into 10 mL of water sample. Some important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of solvents, water sample volume, extraction time, temperature, pH adjustment and salt addition effect were investigated. Simultaneous determination of 34 commonly used pesticides was performed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure has been validated in order to obtain the highest efficiency at the lowest concentration levels of analytes to fulfill the requirements of regulations on maximum residue limits. Under the optimum conditions, the linearity range was within 0.0096-100 μg L −1 . The limits of detection (LODs) of the developed DLLME-GC-MS methodology for all investigated pesticides were in the range of 0.0032 (endrin)-0.0174 (diazinon) μg L −1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 0.0096 to 0.052 μg L −1 . At lower concentration of 1 μg L −1 for each pesticide, recoveries ranged between 84% (tebufenpyrad) and 108% (deltamethrin) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 7) from 1.1% (metconazole) to 11% (parathion-mehtyl). This methodology was successfully applied to check contamination of environmental samples. The procedure has proved to be selective, sensitive and precise for the simultaneous determination of various pesticides. The optimized analytical method is very simple and rapid (less than 5 min).

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Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis

Cited by 153 publications

References 77 publications

A Review on Microextraction Techniques for Selected Triazole Fungicides Determination in Water and Food Samples

A Review on Microextraction Techniques for Selected Triazole Fungicides Determination in Water and Food Samples

Untitled

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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