Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Acid over Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared via Deposition–Precipitation Method

Abstract

Succinic acid (SA) is a valuable raw material obtained by hydrogenation of maleic acid (MA). The product selectivity of this reaction is highly dependent on the reaction conditions. This study therefore investigated the effect of the reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, and reaction time on the liquid-phase hydrogenation of MA by a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. Complete conversion of MA and 100% selectivity for SA were achieved at a temperature of 90 °C, H2 pressure of 5 bar, and reaction time of 90 min. Fumaric acid (FA) was formed as an intermediate material by hydrogenation of MA under nonoptimal conditions. The impact of the percentage of Pd dispersion and phase of the Al2O3 support (γ, θ + α, and α) was also examined. The Pd/Al2O3 catalyst with 29.8% dispersion of Pd and γ phase of Al2O3 exhibited the best catalytic performance. Thus, catalytic activity depends not only on the amount of Pd dispersion but also on the physicochemical properties of Al2O3.

Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Catalytic Routes for the Sustainable Production of Succinic Acid from Biomass Resources

“…[11] However, recently, progress has been made in the synthesis of MA from biomass resources, [36] which is then converted to SA. Hydrogenation of MA to SA by using Pd/Al 2 O 3 as the catalyst was reported by Mi Yeon Byun et al, [37] providing 100 % MA conversion with 100 % selectivity for SA at a temperature of 90 8C and 5 bar H 2 in 90 min with water as solvent. The role of the phase of Al 2 O 3 on the catalytic activity was examined in their study (Figure 4).…”

“…Effect of phase of Al 2 O 3 on MA hydrogenation, along with selectivity towards different hydrogenation products formed when using the Pd/ Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Reproduced with copyright from Ref [37]…”

Ecofriendly ruthenium-containing nanomaterials: synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, bioactivity and catalysis

“…Catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid produces compounds like butyrolactones, 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, propionic acid, butyric acid and butanol as byproducts. 102 Development of side products and reactant decomposition are a threat to selectivity. Conversion of o -chloroaniline from o -chloronitrobenzene gives reduced yields due to unwanted de-chlorination of reactant.…”

Insight into the Mechanism of Water-Promoted Hydrogenation of Maleic Acid to Succinic Acid on Pd/C Catalyst

“…More specifically, it can be used as an intermediate to prepare the products of γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), which are closely related to the starting material of the degradable polymers of package material . One of the most important ways to obtain SAc is through hydrogenation of maleic acid (MAc) or maleic anhydride on supported catalysts by the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation process. − …”