Liquid metal gradient fibers with reversible thermal programmability

Liu, Huaizhi; Xin, Yumeng; Lou, Yang; Peng, Yan; Wei, Lili; Zhang, Jiuyang

doi:10.1039/d0mh00280a

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recently, metals in liquid phase for new polymer composites enable various intelligent applications as functional soft conductors. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The most important difference between liquid metal-polymer composite (LMPC) conductor and traditional MPC conductor is the metal phase states of the metal fillers. Traditional metal fillers are solid metal powders without fluidity, while liquid metal is liquid at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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Metal–polymer composites (MPCs) with combined properties of metals and polymers have achieved much industrial success. However, metals in MPCs are thought to be ordinary and invariable electrically conductive fillers in supportive polymers to show limited use in modern technologies. This work that is disclosed here, for the first time, introduces stimuli‐driven transition from biphasic to monophasic state of liquid metal into polymer science to form dynamic soft conductors from the binary metal–polymer composites. The binary metal that exhibits temperature‐driven reversible transition between solid and liquid states via a biphasic state is fabricated. A conducting stretchable polymer composite is developed using the judiciously chosen biphasic binary metal that undergoes conductor to insulator transition upon stretching. Insulating stretched films become conducting upon heating. A “tube” model elegantly describes such distinctive deformation/temperature‐dependent behaviors. Moreover, the conducting polymer composite shows decrease in its resistance upon increasing the sample temperature. The resistance can be tuned from 1 to 108 Ω depending on the state of binary metal in the phase diagram. This work would build the intimate and interesting connection between metal phases and polymer science toward next‐generation soft conductors and beyond.

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Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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“…This fiber can be used as flexible-temperature electrical switches. 112 Besides this liquid metal-polymer composite, other liquid metal composites have drawn much attention. 113 For example, a magnetic liquid metal can be fabricated by mixing ferric (Fe) particles and liquid metal.…”

Section: Deformable Electronic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemistry of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

Ding

Zeng

2020

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“…The phase transition of the LM droplets caused a mechanical mismatch between the LM-rich layer and the elastomer-rich layer, endowing the resulting composites with a thermal- or light-induced shape memory effect. Similarly, LM–elastomer composite fibers with gradient-dispersed LM droplets have been reported; these exhibited reversible shape programmability, enabled by the phase transition of the LM droplets [ 44 ]. However, in these cases, the shape morphing of the composites is only governed by the LM droplets, and the polymer matrix did not show a shape changing ability, which limits the composites’ potential for complex shape programming, and therefore limits their broader applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healable and Recyclable Dual-Shape Memory Liquid Metal–Elastomer Composites

et al. 2022

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Liquid metal (LM)–polymer composites that combine the thermal and electrical conductivity of LMs with the shape-morphing capability of polymers are attracting a great deal of attention in the fields of reconfigurable electronics and soft robotics. However, investigation of the synergetic effect between the shape-changing properties of LMs and polymer matrices is lacking. Herein, a self-healable and recyclable dual-shape memory composite, comprising an LM (gallium) and a Diels–Alder (DA) crosslinked crystalline polyurethane (PU) elastomer, is reported. The composite exhibits a bilayer structure and achieves excellent shape programming abilities, due to the phase transitions of the LM and the crystalline PU elastomers. To demonstrate these shape-morphing abilities, a heat-triggered soft gripper, which can grasp and release objects according to the environmental temperature, is designed and built. Similarly, combining the electrical conductivity and the dual-shape memory effect of the composite, a light-controlled reconfigurable switch for a circuit is produced. In addition, due to the reversible nature of DA bonds, the composite is self-healable and recyclable. Both the LM and PU elastomer are recyclable, demonstrating the extremely high recycling efficiency (up to 96.7%) of the LM, as well as similar mechanical properties between the reprocessed elastomers and the pristine ones.

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Liquid metal gradient fibers with reversible thermal programmability

Abstract: Liquid metal (LM) is used as fillers gradient dispersed in polymer matrix to prepared LM fiber. Such LM fiber showed distinguished thermally programmable shapes and electrical conductivities.

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Surface Chemistry of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

Self-Healable and Recyclable Dual-Shape Memory Liquid Metal–Elastomer Composites

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