Liquid-lithium cooling for 100-kW ISOL and fragmentation targets

Nolen, J.A.; Reed, C. B.; Hassanein, A.; Gomes, I.C.

doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(01)01604-9

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Numerical calculations show that Li (Z = 3) yields higher charge states at energy at ~10 MeV/u than other materials with higher atomic number [21,22]. Lithium has a relatively low melting point, low vapor pressure, low density, and good heat capacity [23]. These characteristics greatly reduce the complexity of designing a liquid stripper.…”

Section: Proposed Research Methods and Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research proposal for development of an electron stripper using a thin liquid lithium film for rare isotope accelerator.

Momozaki¹

2006

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Section: Proposed Research Methods and Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research proposal for development of an electron stripper using a thin liquid lithium film for rare isotope accelerator.

Momozaki¹

2006

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“…Simulations using the MARS code interfaced with MCNP libraries are used to try and understand the neutron flux produced from different converters in an attempt to optimize both the geometry and converter material for a proposed cylindrical target design [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive ion beams produced by neutron-induced fission at ISOLDE

Catherall

Lettry

Gilardoni

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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The production rates of neutron-rich fission products for the next-generation radioactive beam facility EURISOL are mainly limited by the maximum amount of power deposited by protons in the target. An alternative approach is to use neutron beams to induce fission in actinide targets. This has the advantage of reducing: the energy deposited by the proton beam in the target; contamination from neutron-deficient isobars that would be produced by spallation; and mechanical stress on the target. At ISOLDE CERN, tests have been made on standard ISOLDE actinide targets using fast neutron bunches produced by bombarding thick, high-Z metal converters with 1 and 1.4 GeV proton pulses. This paper reviews the first applications of converters used at ISOLDE. It highlights the different geometries and the techniques used to compare fission yields produced by the proton beam directly on the target with neutron-induced fission. Results from the six targets already tested, namely UC 2 /graphite and ThO 2 targets with tungsten and tantalum converters, are presented.To gain further knowledge for the design of a dedicated target as required by the TARGISOL project, the results are compared to simulations, using the MARS code interfaced with MCNP libraries, of the neutron flux from the converters interacting with the actinide targets. Victoria, B.C. Canada, 6-10 May, 2002 Geneva R. Catherall ** , J. Lettry, S. Gilardoni, U. Köster and the ISOLDE collaboration Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to their Application CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland AbstractThe production rates of neutron-rich fission products for the next-generation radioactive beam facility EURISOL [1] are mainly limited by the maximum amount of power deposited by protons in the target. An alternative approach is to use neutron beams to induce fission in actinide targets. This has the advantage of reducing: the energy deposited by the proton beam in the target; contamination from neutron-deficient isobars that would be produced by spallation; and mechanical stress on the target. At ISOLDE CERN [2], tests have been made on standard ISOLDE actinide targets using fast neutron bunches produced by bombarding thick, high-Z metal converters with 1 and 1.4 GeV proton pulses.This paper reviews the first applications of converters used at ISOLDE. It highlights the different geometries and the techniques used to compare fission yields produced by the proton beam directly on the target with neutron-induced fission. Results from the six targets already tested, namely UC 2 /graphite and ThO 2 targets with tungsten and tantalum converters, are presented.To gain further knowledge for the design of a dedicated target as required by the TARGISOL project [3], the results are compared to simulations, using the MARS [4][5][6][7] code interfaced with MCNP [8,9] libraries, of the neutron flux from the converters interacting with the actinide targets.

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“…These two conventional approaches are implemented with unprecedented power at RIA where new technology based on flowing liquid lithium targets [7] will allow the full driver beam power to be used effectively. These two approaches are supplemented by two new complimentary approaches that remove the main limitations of the standard approaches.…”

Section: Isotope Production Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two approaches are supplemented by two new complimentary approaches that remove the main limitations of the standard approaches. The first new approach is the twostep neutron generator technique [7] where the highenergy light ion beam is converted to fast neutrons in a cooled converter which is surrounded by a production target where fissions induced by the fast neutrons produce the radioactive species which are then extracted in a fashion similar to that used in the standard ISOL technique. This yields significant gains since the power deposited by the light ion beam (mostly via electromagnetic interactions) is in a volume which can be cooled efficiently, while only the neutron and the fission power is deposited in the releasing target where power removal is much more difficult to perform without affecting the other functions of the device.…”

Section: Isotope Production Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, a vigorous R&D program is ongoing on these different topics with yield calculations [9] for the different mechanisms, high-power ISOL type target development [10], thermal and flow calculations for the high-power fragmentation targets which will use liquid lithium technology [7] and for which a prototype system is under construction. The new approach of stopping the fast beams in a large high-purity gas cell system and fast extraction by RF & DC fields is also being thoroughly investigated with a demonstration with a quarter scale system (see figure 3) that exceeded the initial RIA efficiency requirements by more than a factor of two [11] and a full scale prototype now under construction that will be fully characterized at ANL before a test at the full RIA energy [12] that will be conducted at GSI.…”

Section: Isotope Production Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The US Rare Isotope Accelerator project

Savard

PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)

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The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is a next generation radioactive beam facility in preparation in the US. RIA combines the best of standard ISOL and in-flight fragmentation technology with novel approaches to handle high-primary beam power and remove existing limitations in the extraction of short-lived isotopes. The use of a versatile primary accelerator (superconducting linac designed to allow multiple charge state acceleration and capable of providing beams from protons at 900 MeV to uranium at 400 MeV/u at power levels up to 400 kW) allows various production and extraction schemes to be used to optimize production of specific isotopes. In particular, a novel approach where radioactive isotopes produced by fragmentation of a fast heavy-ion beam are stopped and cooled in a high-purity helium gas cell and extracted by electromagnetic fields as thermal singly charged ions promises huge increases in efficiency for very short-lived isotopes. These isotopes will then be available for studies at ion source energy or can be further accelerated by a second superconducting linac whose novel injection system, based on CW low-Frequency RFQs, allows the efficient acceleration of singly-charged heavy ions with masses up to 240 amu from ion source energy. The high-intensity radioactive beams at RIA will be made available to four experimental areas spanning the energy regime from ion source energy to primary beam energy.

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Liquid-lithium cooling for 100-kW ISOL and fragmentation targets

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Research proposal for development of an electron stripper using a thin liquid lithium film for rare isotope accelerator.

Research proposal for development of an electron stripper using a thin liquid lithium film for rare isotope accelerator.

Radioactive ion beams produced by neutron-induced fission at ISOLDE

The US Rare Isotope Accelerator project

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