Liquid-liquid-solid equilibria for the ternary systems water-sodium chloride or potassium chloride-1-propanol or 2-propanol

Temperature and salt addition effects on the solubility behaviour of some phenolic compounds in water

“…The solubility of protocatechuic acid in pure water and in different chloride solutions (1 mol AE kg À1 ) as a function of temperature is presented in figure 4. The results shown in figure 4 validate the salting-out order obtained at 298.15 K. This can be attributed to the more pronounced solvation degree of Li + by water molecules as compared to Na + and K + [14][15][16] which decreases the degrees of freedom of the water molecules and consequently leads to a solute solubility decrease in the presence of salts as compared to that in pure water.…”

“…Ferrulic acid (C 10 15, >98% pure), as well as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride (all >99% pure) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Chemical structures of the phenolic compounds used are given in figure 1.…”

Liquid‐liquid‐solid Equilibrium for Two Quaternary Systems Potassium Chloride+Rubidium Chloride+1/2‐Propanol+Water at 25 °C

“…Firstly, three ternary systems of water＋propanol＋ rubidium chloride, water＋propanol＋potassium chloride and water＋rubidium chloride＋potassium chloride were investigated in our experiment. It should be pointed out that Gomis 20 also studied the ternary system of water＋1-propanol＋potassium chloride at 25…”

Liquid–liquid and liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium for the water + sodium chloride + potassium chloride + 1-propanol quaternary system at 25 °C

“…Three of the ternary systems that constitute the quaternary one, water + sodium chloride + 1-propanol, water + potassium chloride + 1-propanol and water + sodium chloride + potassium chloride have been determined previously [1,5]. The other ternary system, sodium chloride + potassium chloride + 1-propanol, was not determined since the solubility of the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride in 1-propanol is very low and a very small amount of water solved as an impurity in 1-propanol Table 3 Solubility data as mass fraction (w i ) for water (1) + sodium chloride (2) + potassium chloride ( has an important influence in the values of the concentrations in equilibrium.…”