Liquid-liquid extraction of several elements in the system of fused Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O and tri-n-butyl phosphate

Aratono, Yasuyuki; Akatsu, Eiko

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(74)80227-7

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…108−112 As the complexes in the LP phase extracted from molten nitrate hydrates or aqueous solutions are identical, the improved extraction was attributed to the increased chemical activity of the nitrate ions due to the water deficiency of the system. 108,110,112 TBP is poorly soluble in the molten hydrates. For example, the solubility of TBP in Ca(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O is only 0.05 g L −1 at 45 °C.…”

Section: Co(ii) In Kscn−nascn Eutectic Was Extracted By Di-ndodecylam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Dewulf

Binnemans

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Efficient and sustainable separation of metals is gaining increasing attention, because of the essential roles of many metals in sustainable technologies for a climate-neutral society, such as rare earths in permanent magnets and cobalt, nickel, and manganese in the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The separation and purification of metals by conventional solvent extraction (SX) systems, which consist of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, has limitations. By replacing the aqueous phase with other polar solvents, either polar molecular organic solvents or ionic solvents, nonaqueous solvent extraction (NASX) largely expands the scope of SX, since differences in solvation of metal ions lead to different distribution behaviors. This Review emphasizes enhanced metal extraction and remarkable metal separations observed in NASX systems and discusses the effects of polar solvents on the extraction mechanisms according to the type of polar solvents and the type of extractants. Furthermore, the considerable effects of the addition of water and complexing agents on metal separations in terms of metal ion solvation and speciation are highlighted. Efforts to integrate NASX into metallurgical flowsheets and to develop closed-loop solvometallurgical processes are also discussed. This Review aims to construct a framework of NASX on which many more studies on this topic, both fundamental and applied, can be built.

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Section: Co(ii) In Kscn−nascn Eutectic Was Extracted By Di-ndodecylam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Dewulf

Binnemans

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction from molten salts has been an active research field [2]. Different systems have been considered: (1) molten salt  molten salt; (2) molten salt  molten metal; (3) molten salt  organic solvent [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-aqueous solvent extraction of rare-earth nitrates from ethylene glycol to n-dodecane by Cyanex 923

Batchu

Hoogerstraete

Banerjee

et al. 2017

Separation and Purification Technology

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A solvent extraction process comprising two immiscible organic phases has been developed for the extraction of rare earths. The more polar organic phase was ethylene glycol with dissolved rare-earth nitrate salts and lithium nitrate, while the less polar phase was a solution of the neutral extractant Cyanex ® 923 dissolved in n-dodecane. The solvent extraction mechanism was determined by slope analysis and the main species in the organic phase was identified by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) studies. The extraction from the ethylene glycol solution was compared with extraction from an aqueous feed solution. When compared to aqueous feed solutions, the light rare-earth elements (LREEs) are less efficiently extracted and the heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) more efficiently extracted from an ethylene glycol feed solutions, resulting into the easy separation of HREEs from LREEs. The separation factors between neighboring elements are higher for this nonaqueous solvent extraction process than for extraction from an aqueous feed solution.

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The Chemical Reactions of Tributyl Phosphate in the Solvent Extraction of Metals

Liddell

Bautista

1984

Hydrometallurgical Process Fundamentals

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Liquid-liquid extraction of several elements in the system of fused Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O and tri-n-butyl phosphate

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Non-aqueous solvent extraction of rare-earth nitrates from ethylene glycol to n-dodecane by Cyanex 923

The Chemical Reactions of Tributyl Phosphate in the Solvent Extraction of Metals

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