Liquid-liquid equilibrium for the system of ionic liquid [BMIm][HSO 4 ] catalysed isobutyl isobutyrate formation

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for the Esterification System of Acrylic Acid with n-Butanol Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid [BMIm][HSO4] at Atmospheric Pressure

“…When the initial molar ratio of AA to BuOH is more than 1 for the n-BA formation using IL [BMIm]­[HSO 4 ] as a solvent, the mixture mainly contains ester, acid, water, and IL after the reaction. Water is mainly located in the IL phase owing to the strong affinity between water and IL because water acts as both strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor, while [BMIm]­[HSO 4 ] is a strong hydrogen bond acceptor and a weak hydrogen bond donor . Therefore, the existence of two-phase regions is conducive to the phase separation, which can also be revealed by the quinary LLE data in Table .…”

“…Catalyzed by [BMIm]­[HSO 4 ], the esterification of AA and BuOH to form n -BA and water led to automatic phase splitting due to a strong repulsive effect between n -BA and [BMIm]­[HSO 4 ]. The mixture was stirred for 24 h to ascertain both chemical and physical equilibria and then allowed to settle for another 24 h to achieve complete phase separation . All involved weights were weighed on a BSA224S-CW balance with an accuracy of ±0.0001 g (Sartorius, Germany).…”

“…Additionally, IL 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate with different alkyl chain lengths was used to separate n -butyl acetate and BuOH . Despite the progress made in IL-intensified reactive extraction, studies of LLE with acidic ILs as solvents are still scarce . Moreover, LLE results for the IL-involved esterification system of n -BA are not available so far.…”

Measurement and correlation of liquid - Liquid equilibria of three imidazolium ionic liquids with acetone and cyclohexane

“…At present, for the separation of azeotropic systems, the main methods are adsorption, azeotropic distillation [8,9], extractive distillation [10,11], reactive distillation, salt-adding distillation, membrane separation, pressure-swing distillation [12,13]. In addition, liquid-liquid extraction [14][15][16] is a widely used azeotrope separation method. Ionic liquids (ILs) are of great interest and potential in the liquid-liquid extraction due to their excellent properties, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability and chemical/thermal stability, which make them to a favorable solvent compared to traditional organic solvents [17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are of great interest and potential in the liquid-liquid extraction due to their excellent properties, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability and chemical/thermal stability, which make them to a favorable solvent compared to traditional organic solvents [17][18][19][20][21]. ILs also can simplify the solvent recovery process and achieve separation from other substances through flash evaporation [22][23][24].…”