Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for the Esterification System of Acrylic Acid with n-Butanol Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid [BMIm][HSO₄] at Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract

n-Butyl acrylate (n-BA), one of the important chemicals in the resin industry, can be synthesized by esterification of acrylic acid (AA) and n-butanol (BuOH). Owing to the thermodynamic immiscibility of n-BA and water, reactive extraction is promising to intensify the esterification with a suitable solvent (e.g., ionic liquid, IL) through in situ shifting of the reaction equilibrium toward n-BA. Herein, a typical Brønsted acidic IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIm]­[HSO4]) was employed to intensify the esterification process. The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of ternary systems {AA or BuOH + n-BA + [BMIm]­[HSO4]} and a quinary system {AA + BuOH + n-BA + water + [BMIm]­[HSO4]} was investigated at atmospheric pressure and temperatures T = 313.15, 333.15, and 353.15 K and T = 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K, respectively. According to experimental results, the solute distribution coefficient and solvent selectivity were tested to verify the thermodynamic feasibility of [BMIm]­[HSO4] as a catalyst and an extractant for n-BA formation. In addition, the NRTL model was adopted to correlate the experimental data, and the binary interaction parameters for the esterification system were fitted.

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for Four Binary Systems of n-Hexane + 1,2-Dichloroethane, tert-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, and n-Propyl Acetate at 101.3 kPa

“…The standard uncertainties were calculated based on the literature, , which is classified as Type A evaluation. Equations and show the calculation methods. where N denotes the number of measurements; x k is the k th measurement value; x̅ is the mean result of the N measurements; s ( x̅ ) is experimental standard deviation of the mean; and u ( x ) is the standard uncertainty.…”

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements for 1-Methoxy-2-propanol + 1,4-Butanediol, N,N-Dimethylformamide, and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 101.3 kPa

“…The standard uncertainties ( u ) , of all variables were calculated based on eq where n represents the number of experiments under each composition, the value is 5, and x represents each measurement variable.…”

Phase Equilibrium of p-Xylene and Isobutanol in Ionic Liquid Separations: Thermodynamic and Mechanistic Analysis

“…Extractive distillation and pressure swing distillation require more complex equipment and operating procedures and consume higher energy. Liquid–liquid extraction technology (LLE) − also has broad application prospects in the industrial field due to its advantages of low equipment investment, simple operation, and low energy consumption. However, the success of the LLE relies heavily on the selection of an effective extractant.…”