Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Ternary Systems of Palm Oil + Ethyl Lactate + Phytonutrients (Carotenes and Tocols) at 303.15 K

Kua, Yin Leng; Gan, Suyin; Ng, Hoon Kiat; Morris, Andrew

doi:10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.3.659

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…EtLa is an additive in paints, foods, cosmetics and cleaning items, as well as a solvent in the manufacturing of microelectronics and pharmaceutical products [7,9,10]. Studies have also shown the possibility of using EtLa for the recovery of phenolics and carotenoids (phytonutrients) from fruits and vegetables including palm oil [11][12][13]. More recently, Planer, et al [14] have demonstrated the use of EtLa as a solvent in olefin metathesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

et al. 2020

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Alkyl lactates are green solvents that are successfully employed in several industries such as pharmaceutical, food and agricultural. They are considered prospective renewable substitutes for petroleum-derived solvents and the opportunity exists to obtain these valuable chemicals from the chemical recycling of waste poly(lactic acid). Alkyl lactates (ethyl lactate, propyl lactate and butyl lactate) were obtained from the catalysed alcoholysis reaction of poly(lactic acid) with the corresponding linear alcohol. Reactions were catalysed by a Zn complex synthesised from an ethylenediamine Schiff base. The reactions were studied in the 50–130 °C range depending on the alcohol, at autogenous pressure. Arrhenius temperature-dependent parameters (activation energies and pre-exponential factors) were estimated for the formation of the lactates. The activation energies (Ea1, Ea2 and Ea−2) for alcoholysis in ethanol were 62.58, 55.61 and 54.11 kJ/mol, respectively. Alcoholysis proceeded fastest in ethanol in comparison to propanol and butanol and reasonable rates can be achieved in temperatures as low as 50 °C. This is a promising reaction that could be used to recycle end-of-life poly(lactic acid) and could help create a circular production economy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

et al. 2020

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“…In LLE, thermodynamic modeling was used to compute the phase equilibria data of a solvation model and to forecast the composition distribution in a two‐phase system. In a past study, thermodynamic modeling was successfully applied in the prediction of the phase equilibria of the ternary system (ethyl lactate, palm oil, and ß‐carotene) as well as the estimation of the recovery and separation factor of ß‐carotene (Kua, Gan, Morris, & Ng, 2017). In that study, UNIQUAC thermodynamic model of ß‐carotene showed a good representation of the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data with a low percentage of deviations (4.10%) (Kua et al., 2017).…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Hoe

Chan

Ramanan

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Phytonutrients are plant-derived bioactives which are widely utilized as colorants or supplements in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. To meet the global demand for phytonutrients, oil palm has emerged as a promising source of phytonutrients on account of its large-scale plantation worldwide and high oil productivity. Phytonutrients including carotenoids, tocols, sterols, squalene, phospholipids, coenzyme Q10, and polyphenols can be found in crude palm oil as well as in the byproducts (e.g. palm oil mill effluent and palm-pressed fiber oil) generated from the palm oil milling process. However, the high viscosity and semisolid properties of palm oil are problematic in phytonutrient extraction. Another major challenge is the retention of the sensitive phytonutrients during the extraction process. Over the years, the advances in the extraction methods have improved the extractability of phytonutrients. The emerging extraction methods can operate under mild conditions to mitigate the risk of phytonutrient degradation. This review outlines the types of phytonutrient in palm oil and their extraction strategies. The working principles and operating conditions of extraction methods are discussed along with their potential and limitations in terms of extraction efficiency and practicability. The methods for pretreatment of feedstocks for improving extraction efficiency are also highlighted. The challenges in the extraction of phytonutrient from palm oil feedstock are summarized. Lastly, we provide suggestions for overcoming the limitations and improving the performances of phytonutrient extraction.

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Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Ternary Systems of Palm Oil + Ethyl Lactate + Phytonutrients (Carotenes and Tocols) at 303.15 K

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

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