Liquid-crystal microlens arrays using patterned polymer networks

Ren, Hongwen; Fan, Yun‐Hsing; Wu, Shin‐Tson

doi:10.1364/ol.29.001608

Cited by 114 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One of the typical examples is liquid-crystal (LC) lenses. (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) Some other methods of modifying the refractive index of the lens include subjecting the liquid to an external electrical field, acoustic field, mechanical strain, or temperature field, as the optical properties of most of the materials are related to these external fields. (37) We cannot deny the fact that most of the attention has been paid to liquid lenses over the past years in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Solid Tunable Lenses and Their Applications: A Review

Yongchao¹,

Siong²,

Guangya³

2017

Sensors and Materials

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We present a systematic review of solid tunable lenses based on the Alvarez-Lohmann principle, which mainly focuses on the optimization, miniaturization, and integration of such solid tunable lenses in miniature applications. The progress of the modelling and design methods of such solid tunable lenses for optimum performance is summarized first. The development of various solid tunable lenses achieved using diverse driving mechanisms and different optimization methods is then illustrated by examples from current literature. The mechanisms, performance, and practicability of all these prototypes are presented in detail. The applications of such solid tunable lenses in miniature imaging systems are finally reviewed. Discussions of the problems and bottlenecks encountered in current research work and perspectives for future work in this field are given.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Solid Tunable Lenses and Their Applications: A Review

Yongchao¹,

Siong²,

Guangya³

2017

Sensors and Materials

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“…Tunable liquid lenses that adjust focal lengths without movable mechanical parts emerge to be adopted in systems that include adaptive lenses, 1 endoscopes, 2 light valves, 3 optical communication systems, 4 and barcode readers. 5 Two actuation approaches, mechanical and electric energy, were applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturization of dielectric liquid microlens in package

2010

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This study presents packaged microscale liquid lenses actuated with liquid droplets of 300-700 m in diameter using the dielectric force manipulation. The liquid microlens demonstrated function focal length tunability in a plastic package. The focal length of the liquid lens with a lens droplet of 500 m in diameter is shortened from 4.4 to 2.2 mm when voltages applied change from 0 to 79 V rms . Dynamic responses that are analyzed using 2000 frames/s high speed motion cameras show that the advancing and receding times are measured to be 90 and 60 ms, respectively. The size effect of dielectric liquid microlens is characterized for a lens droplet of 300-700 m in diameter in an aspect of focal length.

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“…For some applications, a controlled monodisperse distribution could be desired. When required, methods leading to the formation of a polygonal texture with a single-size diameter may be developed by coating the CLC film onto a patterned [16,17] or surface-relief [18] substrate. The nucleation of polygons would be forced in specific defect sites (like metallic or polymeric dots).…”

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confidence: 99%