Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of the brominated flame retardant 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and enantiomer fractions in seal blubber

Concentrations in air of organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphate flame retardants in Toronto, Canada

“…TBP-DBPE was previously reported in air at levels (pg/m 3 ) ranging from 0.009 to 1.7 over the European Arctic (M€ oller et al, 2011b) and from 0.1 to 2.5 in the marine boundary layer over East Asia to the Arctic (M€ oller et al, 2011a). Production of TBP-DBPE has been reported to have stopped by the main manufacturer in Germany in the mid-1980s while BATE does not seem to have been used as a FR but is potentially a transformation product of TBP-DBPE (Vetter et al, 2010). To our knowledge, the only data for BATE in air is from around the Great Lakes, ranging from 0.03 to 0.8 pg/m 3 (Ma et al, 2012b).…”

“…Furthermore, most of these FRs are used as 'additive', as opposed to 'reactive' FRs, therefore environmental fates similar to penta-BDE are expected. Recently, non-BDEs, such as 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (TBP-AE or ATE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB or TBB), 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD or HBCD) and bis (2-ethyl-1-hexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP or TBPH) and CFRs, such as Dechlorane Plus (DP), have been reported in the atmosphere from urban and remote regions (M€ oller et al, 2011a;Ma et al, 2012aMa et al, , 2012bQiu et al, 2010;Venier et al, 2012;Xiao et al, 2012), in sea water (M€ oller et al, 2011b;Qiu et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2011), in sediment, , in tree bark Hu et al, 2011), in indoor dust (Shoeib et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2011;Stapleton et al, 2008) and in biota (Vetter et al, 2010).…”

Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

“…DPTE has been detected in fish from the north Pacific and the south Atlantic as summarized in Vetter et al [132]. ATE was screened for but not detected in Great Lakes herring gull eggs [36].…”

“…2,3-Dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) was manufactured by Chemische Fabrik Kalk in Germany under the trade name Bromkal 73-5PE until the mid-1980s but seems to no longer be a commercial product [132].…”

Desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos para a determinação de não-metais via moléculas diatômicas por espectrometria de absorção molecular de alta resolução com fonte contínua

“…Geralmente eles são aditivos misturados às matrizes acima descritas e não são quimicamente ligados a elas, portanto podem ser separados por lixiviação para o meio ambiente [112]. A eles são atribuídos caráter cancerígeno; por isso, vários estudos abordam sua potencial contaminação, bioacumulação e toxicidade em animais [113][114][115]; e as consequências da exposição humana a esses compostos [116][117][118][119].A diretiva europeia de restrição de uso de certas substâncias perigosas (RoHS) em equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos 2002/95/EC restringe o uso de seis substâncias (chumbo, cádmio, mercúrio, crômio hexavalente, PBB e PBDE) na fabricação de diversos tipos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos, não apenas em todo o produto, mas em ionização por elétron (EI-HRMS) [126][127][128] e dissociação por captura de elétrons (ECD) [122,123]; e algumas baseadas em cromatografia líquida (LC) acopladas a MS sequencial com fotoionização à pressão atmosférica (APPI-MS/MS) [129][130][131] e MS com ionização por eletrospray (ESI-MS) [128,132]. Há testes preliminares que podem ser aplicados para determinar se as aomstras poderiam estar dentro da diretiva RoHS.…”