Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in Grains, Oilseeds, and Animal Feeds by Post-Column Derivatization and On-Line Sample Cleanup

Abstract

A liquid chromatographic method using on-line sample cleanup, reverse flow analytical column loading, gradient elution, and postcolumn derivatization with iodine permits direct, rapid determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, as well as ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Limits of quantitation are 5 ppb for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A and 30 ppb for zearalenone. This procedure performs well as a multimycotoxin screen for cereal grains and oilseeds, with more limited success in complete animal feeds.

A Review: Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Technologies for Detection of Aflatoxins in Foods

“…Encouraged by the promising results, researchers conducted a series of studies to optimize this post-column derivatization method, focusing on compositions of the mobile phase, iodine reagent flowrates, reaction temperatures, iodine concentrations, confirmation of derivatization products using MS, etc. [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223].…”

Simultaneous Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and HPLC Analysis of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Spanish Bee Pollen

“…Two simultaneous HPLC determinations of citrinin and OTA in wheat and barley (36) and in cheese (37) were then reported. Simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins, OTA, and zearalenone in grains was performed with a complicated but somewhat effective C18 column on-line sample cleanup device (38) and, quite recently, with an IAC cleanup (39). OTA and zearalenone were determined with HPLC-FD in maize using β-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive (40) and more recently in soil with the help of a C8 column for cleanup (41).…”

Analysis of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in rodent feed by HPLC using postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection

“…Mortimer et al (1987) also used affinity column cleanup in determining aflatoxin in powdered milk samples. Chamkasem et al (1989) used HPLC to analyze for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in different substrates by PCD with iodine utilizing an on-line sample cleanup which gave a sensitivity of 5 ppb with injections of 300 juL. Chamkasem et al (1989) concluded that since finished feeds contain a variety of ingredients, the Cxs precolumn cleanup was not entirely effective in removing interferences from the mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins.…”