Liquid Biopsy in Liquid Tumors

Abstract

The availability of a minimally invasive patient simple, capable of providing tumor information, represents a valuable clinical tool. The liquid biopsy has the potential to achieve this need. Circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA), other circulating nucleic acids such as microRNA and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), can be obtained from a peripheral blood sample. Liquid biopsy has been particularly studied in solid tumors, specially of the epitelial origin, such as a pancreatic carcinoma and advanced breast cancer. It has been considerably less applied to the study of non-solid tumors. It represents an important source for diagnosis, prognosis and predictive information. Also it is suitable to evaluate response to therapy and drugs pharmacokinetics. It provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the disease evolution in serial blood samples collection, otherwise difficult to obtain. Liquid biopsy can be rehearsed using different circulating biological fluids such as whole blood, serum, plasma and lymph, as well as, non-circulating fluids such as urine, feces, saliva, bile and accumulated pathological fluids such as ascites. This review summarizes the current status of circulating material analysis in non-solid tunors. It is specially focused on Hodgkin Lymphoma and among Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, it refers particularly to Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma, the most common aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma derived from germinal center B-cells in adults. It further discusses the benefit of liquid biopsy in oncohemtaological diseases and potential clinical applications.

Nanoparticles—Emerging Potential for Managing Leukemia and Lymphoma

“…From a peripheral blood sample, it is possible to obtain circulation tumor cells (CTCs), circulating cell free DNA, and other circulating biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRs) and vesicles, which can provide valuable information before and during treatment in a non-invasive way (Brock et al, 2015 ; Buder et al, 2016 ; Krishnamurthy et al, 2017 ; Ranuncolo, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ). Liquid biopsies for solid or liquid tumors are associated with circulating material—mainly CTCs, nucleic acids, and exosomes.…”

Simultaneous optical and magnetophoretic monitoring of DNA hybridization using superparamagnetic and plasmonic colloids

“…For example, in the field of oncology, when tumor cells die, they release circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) into the blood. Scientists recourse to liquid biopsy to detect and purify ctDNA, thus, the purified biomaterial is analyzed using advanced and complex technique in the field of genomics such as digital PCR, next generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and BEAMing [9,10]. However, these techniques require an operation by specialized personnel in large infrastructures such as hospitals or research centres.…”