Liquid and Solid Products from Liquid-Phase Pyrolysis of Softwood

Abstract

Lignocellulosic feed is expected to contribute significantly to production of liquified and solid combustibles in future, because of the quantity and the variety of feed material. The aim of the project is the production of high-quality biochar and a liquid energy carrier in a nonaqueous hydrocarbon-based pyrolysis system. Therefore, the pyrolytic degradation properties of wood and its building blocks glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were investigated during liquid-phase pyrolysis conditions. The process was carried out in a semibatch reaction vessel under isothermal conditions at various temperatures between T=350°C and T=390°C. Process pressure was ambient. For optimum heat transfer, pyrolysis was carried out in a liquid heat carrier phase which provides sufficient heat capacity and high heat conductivity for isothermal operation. The interaction between heat carrier, biomass, and biomass products in the liquid and vapor phases was investigated. Liquid-phase pyrolysis is an exothermic process which produces 25-28% liquid CHO products. The heat of reaction is −864±25 kJ/kg at T=350°C. To quantify products of biogenous and fossil origin, liquid products were analyzed by elemental analysis, gas chromatography, and accelerated mass spectroscopy. Solid products were analyzed by elemental analysis, electron microscopy, and accelerated mass spectroscopy.

Simultaneous Liquefaction and Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignocellulosic Biomass over NiMo/Al2O3, Pd/Al2O3, and Zeolite Y Catalysts in Hydrogen Donor Solvents

“…There was also no noticeable difference in the particle size distributions of solid residues for the experimentsp erformed at 5o r8 MPa ( Figure 5). However,t he char yield was still nearly two times lower with respectt ot he non-catalytic reactiona t3 50 8C by using ah ydrocarbon solventw ithout the hydrogen donor activity reported by Schwaiger et al [13] The reactions under only 2MPa H 2 showed ac onsiderably increased overall HDO rate (in comparison to the reactions performedu nder N 2 ), which resulted in at hree-times lower yield of tar and an otably higher yield of HDO products.Asubsequent increase of the H 2 pressureh as ad irecte ffect on the HDO rate (reaction 4);s pecifically,t he reactiono rder with respect to H 2 pressure was determined to be 0.3 according to regressiona nalysis. Although it is well known that H 2 can re-hydrogenate naphthalenei nto tetralina nd, therefore, enhance the HDO activity of tetralin, those two mechanismsw ere considered independentf or the sake of dissimilarity,i nw hich k 2 governs the HDO reaction with tetralini nt he absence of molecular hydrogen, whereas reaction3 controlst he influence of H 2 pressure to enhance the HDOb yr eaction between tar and dissolved (and in turn dissociated) H 2 on catalyst surfaceo ra lso by improvingh ydrogen transfer (the effect included implicitly in k 3 ).…”

Biofuels from liquid phase pyrolysis oil: a two-step hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process

“…4,5 The LPP oil was analyzed and then stored in a refrigerator (6°C) to avoid aging. It had been produced from spruce wood pellets.…”

“…[4][5][6][7] In 2012, a pilot scale LPP plant (bioCRACK plant) with a capacity of 100 kg of biomass per hour started operation at OMV refinery in Vienna. The technology and process design of the LPP and the upgrading of the pyrolysis char have been previously reported.…”

BiomassPyrolysisRefinery – Herstellung von nachhaltigen Treibstoffen

“…Generell wird die direkte Biomasseverflüssigung in der Literatur in zwei große Teilschritte gegliedert 15 – 18: Der erste Schritt ist die Pyrolyse der Biomasse und der zweite Schritt ist die Hydrodeoxygenierung (HDO) zur Verringerung des Sauerstoffgehalts der in der Pyrolyse erzeugten Produkte. Im ersten Teilschritt, der Pyrolyse, wird die eingesetzte Biomasse in ein Pyrolyseöl und in Pyrolysekohle umgewandelt 19, 20. Dabei wird bei leichtem Unterdruck 21 oder Drücken bis zu 300 bar 6 pyrolysiert.…”