Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Mixed with Fines-Grained for Reclaimed Land

Abstract

Liquefaction due to earthquakes can cause collapse, subsidences, landslides, lateral spreading, and sand boiling. The damage is commonly occurred at layer of water-saturayed granular sedimen with low relative density. Reclamation areas formed by loose sand are areas with high risk to liquefaction, such as damages occured in the reclamation area of Tokyo Bay Area (Fukushima Earthquake, 2011) and Wellington Port (New Zealand Earthquake, 2016). Some researches have stated that the gradation of soil grains, relative density and maximum acceleration of an earthquake affected the soil’s resistance to liquefaction. This paper presents the results of the experimental studies about the influence of fines-grained in the sand that has liquefaction potential which is used as a reclamation material to review its resistance to liquefaction. The experimental studies were carried out by adding fines-grained. A mixture of sand with fines-grains was made at a relative density of 25%, 50% and 75% under earthquake load with a maximum acceleration of 0.3g. Experimental results show that the increase in the fines content up to 30% and the relative density up to 75% reduces the resistance to liquefaction of the sand–fines mixture. The liquefaction resistance increases well as the increase of fines-grained and relative density.

Experimental analysis of liquefaction potential with variations of soil relative density and earthquake frequency

“…Additionally, [2] conducted research on variations in relative density and found that soil with 25% and 35% relative density has the potential for liquefaction, whereas soil with 45% and 55% relative density does not have the potential for liquefaction. Meanwhile, [3] concluded that relative density to value > 40 % for sand, which strengthened palm fibre not become liquefied. Several researchers have presented numerous studies on the physical modelling of soil liquefaction using shaking tables.…”