Liquefaction of micro-algae with iron catalyst

Matsui, Teruo; Nishihara, Akihiro; Ueda, Chiyo; Ohtsuki, Munetaka; Ikenaga, Naoki; Suzuki, Toshimitsu

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(97)00120-8

Cited by 110 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…8 Effect of catalyst level on product distribution in liquefaction of Spirulina in 1-methylnaphthalene under hydrogen at 350 uC for 60 min. 90 with an oil yield of 61 wt% at 350 uC as shown in A preliminary regenerability study indicated that no significant activity loss occurred for regenerated catalysts. Possible pathways for the deoxygenation of stearic acid over heterogeneous catalysts at supercritical water conditions was investigated.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algae Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, bio-oil physico-chemical characteristics, including heating values and distribution of components, were highly influenced by conversion method and feedstock. 89,90,93,142 The use of heterogeneous catalysts during HTL of microalgae was recently reported to produce higher quality bio-oil by lowering the oxygen content in products. Early in 1997, Matsui et al 90 investigated the liquefaction of micro-algae (spirulina) with an iron catalyst (Fe(CO) 5 -S) and obtained 66.9 wt% oil yield at 350 uC for 60 min in tetralin.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algae Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in the production of liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations

et al. 2012

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Due to continuing high demand, depletion of non-renewable resources and increasing concerns about climate change, the use of fossil fuel-derived transportation fuels faces relentless challenges both from a world markets and an environmental perspective. The production of renewable transportation fuel from microalgae continues to attract much attention because of its potential for fast growth rates, high oil content, ability to grow in unconventional scenarios, and inherent carbon neutrality. Moreover, the use of microalgae would minimize ''food versus fuel'' concerns associated with several biomass strategies, as microalgae do not compete with food crops in the food chain. This paper reviews the progress of recent research on the production of transportation fuels via homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic conversions of microalgae. This review also describes the development of tools that may allow for a more fundamental understanding of catalyst selection and conversion processes using computational modelling. The catalytic conversion reaction pathways that have been investigated are fully discussed based on both experimental and theoretical approaches. Finally, this work makes several projections for the potential of various thermocatalytic pathways to produce alternative transportation fuels from algae, and identifies key areas where the authors feel that computational modelling should be directed to elucidate key information to optimize the process.

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Section: Heterogeneous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algae Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Heterogeneous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algae Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the production of liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations

et al. 2012

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“…Liquefaction in water gave an oil yield as high as 78.3 wt % at 350 ° C even under nitrogen without a catalyst. Liquefaction in toluene gave oil fractions having a heating value of 32 -33 MJ/kg, but products obtained in water, containing large amounts of oxygen, were estimated to have a lower heating value of 26 MJ/kg (Matsui et al 1997 ).…”

Section: Conversion Of Algae To Biofuelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Matsui et al (1997) investigated the liquefaction of Spirulina , a high -protein microalgae in various organic solvents or water under hydrogen, nitrogen, or carbon monoxide in the temperature range 300 -425 ° C, using Fe(CO)5 -S catalyst. Among the solvents of tetralin, 1 -methylnaphthalene, toluene, and water, it seemed more favorable for liquefaction of Spirulina to take place in water.…”

Section: Conversion Of Algae To Biofuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction to Convert Biomass into Crude Oil

Zhang

2010

Biofuels From Agricultural Wastes and Byproducts

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“…*Co-products composition depends on the conversion process used. a [20,[23][24][25][26][27][28], b [11,33,37,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], c [11,33,56,59,64], d [27,33,[36][37][38][39][40] Transesterification of Extracted Lipids Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the main processes that are required to produce biodiesel, a form of renewable diesel, from extracted algal lipids, which is the most commonly investigated of the three pathways presented here. After algae are grown in an open pond, photobioreactor, or fermentor (i.e., heterotrophic growth), the algae are harvested from the growth medium.…”

Section: Production Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework to Report the Production of Renewable Diesel from Algae

et al. 2010

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Recently, algae have received significant interest as a potential feedstock for renewable diesel (such as biodiesel), and many researchers have attempted to quantify this potential. Some of these attempts are less useful because they have not incorporated specific values of algal lipid content, have not included processing inefficiencies, or omitted processing steps required for renewable diesel production. Furthermore, the associated energy, materials, and costs requirements are sometimes omitted. The accuracy and applicability of these estimates can be improved by using data that are more specific, including all relevant information for renewable diesel production, and by presenting information with more relevant metrics. To determine whether algae are a viable source for renewable diesel, three questions that must be answered are (1) how much renewable diesel can be produced from algae, (2) what is the financial cost of production, and (3) what is the energy ratio of production? To help accurately answer these questions, we propose an analytical framework and associated nomenclature system for characterizing renewable diesel production from algae. The three production pathways discussed in this study are the transesterification of extracted algal lipids, thermochemical conversion of algal biomass, and conversion of secreted algal oils. The nomenclature system is initially presented from a top-level perspective that is applicable to all production pathways for renewable diesel from algae. Then, the nomenclature is expanded to characterize the production of renewable diesel (specifically, biodiesel) from extracted algal lipids in detail (cf. Appendix 2). The analytical framework uses the presented nomenclature system and includes three main principles: using appropriate reporting metrics, using symbolic notation to represent unknown values, and presenting results that are specific to algal species, growth conditions, and product composition.

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Liquefaction of micro-algae with iron catalyst

Cited by 110 publications

References 23 publications

Recent developments in the production of liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations

Recent developments in the production of liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations

Hydrothermal Liquefaction to Convert Biomass into Crude Oil

A Framework to Report the Production of Renewable Diesel from Algae

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