Hydrothermal Liquefaction to Convert Biomass into Crude Oil

Zhang, Yuanhui

doi:10.1002/9780813822716.ch10

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrothermal processes occur at temperatures (>100 °C) and pressure conditions under which water becomes a subcritical fluid. As such, water has a completely different behavior, switching from a polar to a relative nonpolar molecule, because the shared electron between oxygen and hydrogen atoms tends to circulate more evenly, reducing the oxygen electronegativity (Zhang, 2010). Simultaneously, under hydrothermal conditions, water dissociation increases dramatically (K w ~10 -11 ) as temperature increases, creating a highly favorable environment for hydrolysis (Pinto and Lanças, 2010;Zhang, 2010 Therefore, not only the solid yield but also its chemical characteristics can be very different, according to the temperature of the process, different biochars will result from these hydrothermal processes.…”

Section: A) Hydrothermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical amount of cellulose in biomass ranges from 40 to 60 wt% (Zhang et al, 2010a). Closely associated to cellulose are the hemicelluloses, which are heterogeneous polysaccharides structured mainly of hexoses and pentoses, arranged in shorter and branched chains (Zhang, 2010). Hemicelluloses are less stable than cellulose and form 20 to 40 wt% of the biomass (Zhang et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose is the major constituent of most plant-derived biomass, but lignin is also important in woody biomass. In animal biomass, lipids and proteins are relevant constituents (Zhang, 2010) besides bones .…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin polymers (Zhang, 2010;Sullivan and Ball, 2012). Other components are minerals, proteins, starches, nucleic acids, oils, and resins (Sullivan and Ball, 2012).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

show abstract

Section: A) Hydrothermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is a process, where the macromolecular components of biomass, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin are decomposed in the presence of water to produce crude oil and other chemicals [10]. Gasification of biomass produces a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, commonly called syngas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis oil upgrading in high conversions using sub- and supercritical water above 400 °C

Isa

Snape

Uguna

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(2016) Pyrolysis oil upgrading in high conversions using suband supercritical water above 400°C. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 119 . pp. 180-188. ISSN 0165-2370 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34433/1/Isa%202016%20-%20JAAP.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe upgrading of pyrolysis oil to bio-fuel was investigated using sub-and supercritical water at 410 and 450 o C, with a high mass ratio of water to pyrolysis oil to ascertain the maximum yields that could be achieved. The results indicate that conversions increased with increasing pyrolysis oil to water mass ratio at high water ratio under supercritical water conditions at 410 o C, gave the highest products conversion of ~91 wt. %, with 28 wt. % heavy oil recovered, ~23 wt. % gas yield, 27 wt. % water generated and approximately 13-14 wt. % of light oil produced. Similar product conversion was obtained using biomass as a feedstock with slightly higher water mass ratio added into the reactor (R1:15), and slightly lower heavy oil yield was recovered (21 wt. %). Gas generation was observed to % of water generated. The oxygen contents of the heavy oil recovered were ~15-16 % (for 410 and 450 o C), with H/C atomic ratios of 1.1. Similar overall conversions were achieved using tetralin with much lower solvent to oil ratios were needed and the liquid products had a slightly lower oxygen 2 content (14 %). The estimated hydrogen from water was estimated as ca. 0.3 % at 410 and 450 o C in high conversions of pyrolysis oil experiments, and experiments with tetralin/1-methyl naphthalene provide evidence that a small amount of hydrogen was sufficient to achieve high product conversion, giving an increase of H element content from 7.0 % to 7.3 %.

show abstract