Lipoxygenase Activity of Pityrosporum In Vitro and In Vivo

Nazzaro‐Porro, M.; Passi, S.; Picardo, Mauro; Mercantini, R.; Breathnach, A. S.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12523604

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Unsurprisingly, the triad shows a high activity towards degradation of lipids through lipases (TG hydrolases), various oxidases (peroxidases, lipoxygenases etc.) and Ceramidase [11][12][13][14], supplying glycerol and free fatty acids as carbon sources in an oxygen rich medium. Neither wax esters nor squalene appear utilized, as energy supply, by the resident skin flora.…”

Section: Sebum Squalene and Skin Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies

Pham

Boussouira

Moyal

et al. 2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis A review of the oxidization of squalene, a specific human compound produced by the sebaceous gland, is proposed. Such chemical transformation induces important consequences at various levels. Squalene by‐products, mostly under peroxidized forms, lead to comedogenesis, contribute to the development of inflammatory acne and possibly modify the skin relief (wrinkling). Experimental conditions of oxidation and/or photo‐oxidation mechanisms are exposed, suggesting that they could possibly be bio‐markers of atmospheric pollution upon skin. Ozone, long UVA rays, cigarette smoke… are shown powerful oxidizing agents of squalene. Some in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testings are proposed as examples, aiming at studying ingredients or products capable of boosting or counteracting such chemical changes that, globally, bring adverse effects to various cutaneous compartments.

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Section: Sebum Squalene and Skin Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies

Pham

Boussouira

Moyal

et al. 2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Since arachidonic acid metabolites are involved in inflammation in the skin (164), this has been suggested as a mechanism by which Malassezia species may trigger inflammation. Malassezia species produce an enzyme with lipoxygenase activity, as demonstrated by its ability to oxidize free and esterified unsaturated fatty acids, squalene, and cholesterol (304). The resultant production of lipoperoxides may damage cell membranes and consequently interfere with cellular activity-a mechanism that has been proposed to cause the alterations in skin pigmentation associated with PV (108).…”

Section: Structure Physiology and Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several theories have been proposed to explain hypopigmentation, including the filtering of UV light by the growth of the organism in the skin (14), a block in the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes (14,89,121,153,208), and the inhibition of melanin production by azelaic acid (180,302) or by lipoxygenase (304). Other groups have suggested that the hyperpigmentation of lesions was due to inflammation (116,153), increased skin thickness, or larger numbers of organisms in the skin (153).…”

Section: Pityriasis Versicolormentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of Diseases Associated withMalasseziaSpecies

2002

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SUMMARY Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed individuals. Studies examining cellular and humoral immune responses specific to Malassezia species in patients with Malassezia-associated diseases and healthy controls have generally been unable to define significant differences in their immune response. The use of varied antigenic preparations and strains from different Malassezia classifications may partly be responsible for this, although these problems can now be overcome by using techniques based on recent work defining some important antigens and also a new taxonomy for the genus. The finding that the genus Malassezia is immunomodulatory is important in understanding its ability to cause disease. Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and activation of the complement cascade contrasts with its ability to suppress cytokine release and downregulate phagocytic uptake and killing. The lipid-rich layer around the yeast appears to be pivotal in this alteration of phenotype. Defining the nonspecific immune response to Malassezia species and the way in which the organisms modulate it may well be the key to understanding how Malassezia species can exist as both commensals and pathogens.

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“…The type of mechanism we now propose is not new in the biology of pigmentary disorders. In 1986, Nazzaro-Porro et al 15 suggested that the hypopigmentation in pityriasis versicolor is probably due to toxic lipoperoxides formed by the action of Pityrosporon ovale on the unsaturated lipids of the skin surface.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%