Liposome-induced activation of the classical complement pathway does not require immunoglobulin

Liver gene expression associated with diet and lesion development in atherosclerosis-prone mice: induction of components of alternative complement pathway

“…Because of the physical proximity of the two genes, C2 and factor B may share common regulatory mechanisms. Downregulation of C2 can be explained by the unusual complement activation properties of atherogenic lipids; specifically, there is clear evidence that the alternative pathway is activated, but there is dependence on the classic pathway component, C1q, however, not involving antibodies (28). Further studies will need to be undertaken to address these findings.…”

Preparation of Nonionic Vesicles Using the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Reverse Phase Evaporation Method and Analysis of Their Solution Properties

“…They have been used as models for biological membranes because their structures and functions are similar to those of biological membranes 2 5 . One of the most useful properties of liposomes is their retention of water-soluble substances in the inner aqueous phase and oil-soluble substances in the bilayers 6,7 . Because of this, liposomes are widely used in both drug formulations and cosmetics.…”

Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer in the presence of human serum or blood facilitated by inhibition of the complement system

“…Triggering of the C cascade is a major cause for the inactivation of a variety of currently used gene delivery vectors and contributes to inefficient gene transfer rates after in vivo application. C activation has been shown for liposomes, [7][8][9] for various synthetic DNA complexes 10 and for murine retrovirus vectors in primate serum. [11][12][13] In this study, the interaction of baculovirus with the human C system was investigated in detail with regard to the use of baculovirus-derived vectors in vivo.…”